Satellites, hypersatellites and RAE from Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe in photoionisation

Abstract

K x-ray satellites, hypersatellites and lines due to radiative Auger effect (RAE) of Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe were measured after exciting the samples with Ag bremsstrahlung at 35 kV. All the lines were measured with the 'Spectroscan VY' spectrometer of Spectron -OPTEL, Russia, in which a curved LiF(200) crystal was used. The spectra were deconvoluted using Voigt functions, and the peak positions of the satellites and hypersatellites were determined with errors of ±(1-5) eV. The energy shifts of the satellite lines with respect to their parent lines were also obtained. Multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations with the inclusion of higher-order corrections were carried out to predict the peak positions of the satellite and hypersatellite lines. Our data were then compared with our own calculated values and also with the data of others. Our measured energy shifts for K a L 1 , K a L 2 , K a h and K b L 1 , when compared with our MCDF calculations, show a maximum deviation of 8, 12, 2 and 20% respectively.X-ray spectrum of Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe in photoionisation 589 CONCLUSIONS K satellites of Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe as well as hypersatellites of V, Cr and Fe were measured with a LiF(200) crystal by exciting the foils with x-ray tube bremsstrahlung. The peak positions of the lines are shown in Tables 1-5. MCDF calculation were carried out to predict the peak positions of these lines. Our data were compared with the data of others

Valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy of titanium compounds using energy dispersive detectors

“…The artifact is caused by photons that pass through the metal of a TES sensor and are absorbed in the SiN underneath, resulting in incomplete and variable energy capture. The chief effect of this artifact is to obscure radiative Auger features 56,57 whose energy location is regrettably similar.…”

“…The displayed 700 eV energy region has an energy resolution of 3.8 ± 0.1 eV in the Kα region and 4.0 ± 0.1 eV in the Kβ region. From left to right, the features visible in the spectra are: (A) a detector artifact about 70 eV below the Kα 2 lines due to Kα photons that pass through the metal of the TES sensor and are absorbed in the SiN underneath, (B) the Kα 1,2 lines at 4510.9 eV (Kα 1 ) and 4,505.9 eV (Kα 2 ) for the pure Ti metal sample, 52 (C) the Kα satellite (K α L 1 ), at about 30 eV above the Kα 1 lines, 56,57,67 (D) the same detector artifact from the Kβ complex, (E) the Kβ' line, (F) the Kβ 1,3 lines at 4931.8 (Kβ 1 ) for the pure Ti metal sample, 53 (G) the Kβ'' lines, (H) the Kβ 2,5 lines, and (I) the K β L 1 peaks, a few eV above the Kβ 2,5 lines. As shown in these measurements, the energy-resolving capabilities of the microcalorimeter array detectors allow us to measure the entire XES spectrum simultaneously and resolve features, which are orders of magnitude weaker than the bright Kα lines, without sacrificing collection efficiency or having to recalibrate the detector for different energy regions.…”

X-ray fluorescence activities at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, India

“…Detailed description of the instrument and the measurement procedure are described in our earlier publication [16]. Among the four crystals, LiF was selected for this measurement.…”

X-ray fluorescence determination of the manganese valence state and speciation in manganese ores

“…Parameters of lines preconditioned by the transitions of electrons from the valence levels are most affected by chemical bonding, e.g. MnK β 5 line and some satellites observed in X‐ray spectra of manganese along with the basic plotted lines; and they are not explained by the classical scheme of X‐ray transitions . The most intense satellite is MnK β ′ interpreted as transitions К‐М 2,3 (main MnK β 1,3 line) with a simultaneous ejection of electron from level М 4,5 for manganese atom or as resultant of the exchange coupling between unpaired electrons in the 3p and 3d shells .…”