“…To obtain an annual consistent NDVI data with high spatiotemporal resolution from 1982 to 2011, we downscaled the coarse‐resolution (8000 m × 8000 m) to medium spatial resolution (250 m × 250 m) (hereafter, NDVI‐ESTARFM) using ESTARFM algorithm (Zhu et al, 2010). It has been validated by the example of Yangtze River basin (Li, Wang, et al, 2021), which showed that the NDVI‐ESTARFM datasets calculated by this method are consistent with the actual NDVI data. The equation is expressed as follows: Where : and represent the fine‐resolution reflectance at base date for band and coarse‐ resolution reflectance at prediction data for band , respectively, () is the location for both fine‐ and coarse‐resolution images, and is the acquisition date, stands for the conversion coefficient by linearly regressing the reflectance changes of fine‐resolution pixels of the same endmember and coarse‐ resolution pixel.…”