Satellite quantum communication protocol regardless of the weather

Mastriani, Mario; Iyengar, S. S.; Kumar, Latesh

doi:10.1007/s11082-021-02829-8

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…There are various ways to ensure secure QKD. For example, quantum drones (QD) and quantum satellites (QS) are recently explored to share keys and establish multimedia communications 149–153 . Additionally, there are many challenges that are yet to address 154 .…”

Section: Quantum and Post‐quantum Cryptographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

et al. 2021

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Quantum computing (QC) is an emerging paradigm with the potential to offer significant computational advantage over conventional classical computing by exploiting quantum‐mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition. It is anticipated that this computational advantage of QC will help to solve many complex and computationally intractable problems in several application domains such as drug design, data science, clean energy, finance, industrial chemical development, secure communications, and quantum chemistry. In recent years, tremendous progress in both quantum hardware development and quantum software/algorithm has brought QC much closer to reality. Indeed, the demonstration of quantum supremacy marks a significant milestone in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era—the next logical step being the quantum advantage whereby quantum computers solve a real‐world problem much more efficiently than classical computing. As the quantum devices are expected to steadily scale up in the next few years, quantum decoherence and qubit interconnectivity are two of the major challenges to achieve quantum advantage in the NISQ era. QC is a highly topical and fast‐moving field of research with significant ongoing progress in all facets. A systematic review of the existing literature on QC will be invaluable to understand the state‐of‐the‐art of this emerging field and identify open challenges for the QC community to address in the coming years. This article presents a comprehensive review of QC literature and proposes taxonomy of QC. The proposed taxonomy is used to map various related studies to identify the research gaps. A detailed overview of quantum software tools and technologies, post‐quantum cryptography, and quantum computer hardware development captures the current state‐of‐the‐art in the respective areas. The article identifies and highlights various open challenges and promising future directions for research and innovation in QC.

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Section: Quantum and Post‐quantum Cryptographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

et al. 2021

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“…Quantum repeater is a key piece in the world of quantum Internet when it is necessary to transmit information to long distances, both in the case of transmissions using optical fiber lines [49,[51][52][53] , and in the case of using satellite relays. [50,[54][55][56][57] In fact, the first one have the following disadvantages: a propagation speed (v) equal to 2/3 of the speed of light (c), losses and an attenuation in the material that requires the installation of a repeater every 50 km, while satellite repeaters can cover greater distances at a speed v = c, with less attenuation and losses than in the case of optical fiber except for relative environmental aspects to the ground-sky link, i.e., clouds that can disrupt the distribution of entangled photons. [55][56][57] Whether a satellite or terrestrial version is used, the quantum repeater protocol is based on the entanglement swapping protocol of Figure 24.…”

Section: Quantum Repeatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can a random phenomenon between particles be synchronized instantaneously and independently of the distance between said particles?

Mastriani

2022

Opt Quant Electron

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Entanglement is a random phenomenon that is instantly synchronized, regardless of the space that mediates between entangled particles. However, the instantaneous transmission of information using entanglement is impossible. This is because the instantaneity in the synchronization of nonlocal outcomes as a consequence of quantum measurement (after the distribution of the entangled pairs) cannot be used for an entanglement-based communication system to transmit information instantaneously. This impossibility stems from the following two reasons: a) the difficulty of controlling non-local outcomes through local actions without the intervention of an auxiliary channel (classical), and b) regardless of the previous point, no communication system based on entanglement can be instantaneous due to the distribution of an entangled pair at relativistic speeds, necessary to generate the quantum channel, each time a qubit must be transmitted. Three simple experiments help to clarify this controversial point. In fact, this study establishes what is truly responsible for the impossibility to transmit information instantaneously of any communication system based on entanglement. In this respect, functional models of the internal behavior of quantum measurement, and entanglement were developed, which allow analyzing the instantaneity post-distribution of entangled particles, before and after a quantum measurement, as well as the randomness in the results obtained from a quantum measurement of the entanglement. In this sense, this study establishes a debate about three possible responsible for the aforementioned randomness: the quantum measurement itself, entanglement, and the human intervention. Finally, homology between the entanglement and the double-slit experiment is presented.

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“…Conversely, if the passwords are found to match 100 percent, the properties of quantum physics assure that the passwords were secure and the process was not intercepted. [11] The key exchange in the BB84 protocol has been shown in figure 2.…”

Section: Approaches For Qcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress of Quantum Communication

Tang¹

2022

AJST

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In view of the pursuit of increasing the capacity of channels and confidential communication, quantum communication has been developed in recent years. No-Cloning Theorem signifies that bugging can be identified during quantum communication. BB84 protocol provides the changed emissive photon to the receiver and the difference of signals would appear if there has any eavesdropper, due to quantum cannot be copied but intercepted and random selection of measuring modes by the eavesdropper. Although quantum communication still has room for growth, significant advantages of this technique make it a great candidate for future communication methods.

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Satellite quantum communication protocol regardless of the weather

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

How can a random phenomenon between particles be synchronized instantaneously and independently of the distance between said particles?

The Progress of Quantum Communication

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