Satellite Observation of Biomass Burning

Chuvieco, Emilio

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6358-9_6

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…The global implications of fire activity on human and ecological values require a greater effort to better understand factors and effects of biomass burning at continental and planetary scales, with the final goal of providing policy making guidance at national and international levels (Lohman et al , 2007). The most recent report from the FAO on world fire activity acknowledges the scarcity of input data to carry out such an assessment, and the importance of relying on Earth observation systems to obtain some of the critical variables (FAO, 2007; Chuvieco, 2008). While these integrated systems of worldwide fire observations are being developed, the 6‐year record of MODIS data presented in this paper provides an insight on the spatial and short‐term temporal patterns of fire conditions at the global scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global characterization of fire activity: toward defining fire regimes from Earth observation data

Chuvieco

Giglio

Justice

2008

Global Change Biology

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There is interest in the global community on how fire regimes are changing as a function of changing demographics and climate. The ground-based data to monitor such trends in fire activity are inadequate at the global scale. Satellite observations provide a basis for such a monitoring system. In this study, a set of metrics were developed from 6 years of MODIS active fire data. The metrics were grouped into eight classes representing three axes of fire activity: density, season duration and interannual variability. These groups were compared with biophysical and human explanatory variables on a global scale. We found that more than 30% of the land surface has a significant fire frequency. The most extensive fire class exhibited high fire density, low duration and high variability and was found in boreal and tropical wet and dry environments. A high association was found between population distribution and fire persistence. Low GDP km À2 was associated with fire classes with high interannual variability and low seasonal duration. In areas with more economic resources, fires tend to be more regular and last longer. High fire duration and low interannual variability were associated with croplands, but often with low fire density. The study was constrained by the limited length of satellite data record but is a first step toward developing a comprehensive global assessment of fire regimes. However, more attention is needed by the global observing systems to provide the underpinning socio-economic observations to better quantify and analyze the human characteristics of fire regimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global characterization of fire activity: toward defining fire regimes from Earth observation data

Chuvieco

Giglio

Justice

2008

Global Change Biology

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310

240

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“…These kinds of fires are the cause of environmental and economic losses [3][4][5]. In addition, these phenomena are actively involved in greenhouse effect (CO 2 emission) and climate change [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Soil Burn Severity in Forest Fires Measured In Situ and through Spectral Indices of Remote Detection

Sobrino

Llorens

Fernández

et al. 2019

Forests

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Forest fires in Galicia have become a serious environmental problem over the years. This is especially the case in the Pontevedra region, where in October 2017 large fires (>500 hectares) burned more than 15,000 Ha. In addition to the area burned being of relevance, it is also very important to know quickly and accurately the different severity degrees that soil has suffered in order to carry out an optimal restoration campaign. In this sense, the use of remote sensing with the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellites becomes a very useful resource due to the variations that appear in soil after a forest fire (changes in soil cover are noticeably appreciated with spectral information). To calculate these variations, the spectral indices NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) are used, both before and after the fire and their differences (dNBR and dNDVI, respectively). In addition, as a reference for a correct discrimination between severity degrees, severity data measured in situ after the fire are used to classified at 5 levels of severity and 6 levels of severity. Therefore, this study aims to establish a methodology, which relates remote-sensing data (spectral indices) and severity degrees measured in situ. The R2 statistic and the pixel classification accuracy results show the existing synergy of the Sentinel-2 dNBR index with the 5 severity degrees classification (R2 = 0.74 and 81% of global accuracy) and, for this case, the good applicability of remote sensing in the forest fire field.

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“…Fire is one of the evolutionary forces related to the modeling and evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, due to their impact on different processes and functions, as well as on the composition and structure of these ecosystems [1] Fires impact local and regional ecological processes, and have global impacts via influences on vegetation patterns and greenhouse gas emission budgets [2,3]. Climate modeling indicates that extreme fire weather conditions will occur for many tropical regions [4], and that increases in carbon emissions are expected [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Climate, Land Use and Vegetation Fire Occurrences in El Salvador

et al. 2016

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Vegetation burning is a global environmental threat that results in local ecological, economic and social impacts but also has large-scale implications for global change. The burning is usually a result of interacting factors such as climate, land use and vegetation type. Despite its importance as a factor shaping ecological, economic and social processes, countries highly vulnerable to climate change in Central America, such as El Salvador, lack an assessment of this complex relationship. In this study we rely on remotely sensed measures of the Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) and thermal anomaly detections by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor to identify vegetation cover changes and fire occurrences. We also use land use data and rainfall observations derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data to determine the spatial and temporal variability and interactions of these factors. Our results indicate a highly marked seasonality of fire occurrence linked to the climatic variability with a peak of fire occurrences in 2004 and 2013. Low vegetation indices occurred in March-April, around two months after the driest period of the year (December-February), corresponding to months with high detection of fires. Spatially, 65.6% of the fires were recurrent and clustered in agriculture/cropland areas and within 1 km of roads (70%) and only a 4.7% of fires detected were associated with forests. Remaining forests in El Salvador deserve more attention due to underestimated consequences of forest fires. The identification of these clear patterns can be used as a baseline to better shape management of fire regimes and support decision making in this country. Recommendations resulting from this work include focusing on fire risk models and agriculture fires and long-term ecological and economic consequences of those. Furthermore, El Salvador will need to include agricultural fires in the contribution to national accounts emissions.

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Satellite Observation of Biomass Burning

Cited by 20 publications

References 154 publications

Global characterization of fire activity: toward defining fire regimes from Earth observation data

Global characterization of fire activity: toward defining fire regimes from Earth observation data

Relationship between Soil Burn Severity in Forest Fires Measured In Situ and through Spectral Indices of Remote Detection

Interactions between Climate, Land Use and Vegetation Fire Occurrences in El Salvador

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