Satellite drag effects due to uplifted oxygen neutrals during super magnetic storms

Lakhina, G. S.; Tsurutani, B. T.

doi:10.5194/npg-24-745-2017

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Such signatures are consistent with either the global redistribution of high‐latitude Joule heating (see, e.g., Fuller‐Rowell et al., ; Oliveira et al., ; Richmond & Lu, ) or possibly from the direct uplift of the thermosphere through ion/neutral interactions as postulated by Tsurutani et al. () and Lakhina and Tsurutani (). However, as pointed by the latter authors, the last hypothesis has yet to be tested by nonlinear simulations that take into account the coupling between gravity, pressure gradients, viscosity, and advection of neutral atom flow effects, along with the heating and expansion during the uplift process.…”

Section: Statistical Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Satellite Orbital Drag During Magnetic Storms

Oliveira

Zesta

2019

Space Weather

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We investigate satellite orbital drag effects at low‐Earth orbit associated with thermosphere heating during magnetic storms caused by coronal mass ejections. CHAllenge Mini‐satellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) neutral density data are used to compute orbital drag. Storm‐to‐quiet density comparisons are performed with background densities obtained by the Jacchia‐Bowman 2008 (JB2008) empirical model. Our storms are grouped in different categories regarding their intensities as indicated by minimum values of the SYM‐H index. We then perform superposed epoch analyses with storm main phase onset as zero epoch time. In general, we find that orbital drag effects are larger for CHAMP (lower altitudes) in comparison to GRACE (higher altitudes). Results show that storm time drag effects manifest first at high latitudes, but for extreme storms, particularly observed by GRACE, stronger orbital drag effects occur during early main phase at low/equatorial latitudes, probably due to heating propagation from high latitudes. We find that storm time orbital decay along the satellites' path generally increases with storm intensity, being stronger and faster for the most extreme events. For these events, orbital drag effects decrease faster probably due to elevated cooling effects caused by nitric oxide, which introduce modeled density uncertainties during storm recovery phase. Errors associated with total orbit decay introduced by JB2008 are generally the largest for the strongest storms and increase during storm times, particular during recovery phases. We discuss the implication of these uncertainties for the prediction of collision between space objects at low‐Earth orbit during magnetic storms.

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Section: Statistical Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Satellite Orbital Drag During Magnetic Storms

Oliveira

Zesta

2019

Space Weather

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“…Tsurutani et al () reported, for the Halloween event, ion‐neutral drag due to quick upward motion of O + that causes upward neutral oxygen (O) at equatorial latitudes. Similarly, Lakhina and Tsurutani () generalized the ion‐neutral drag for oxygen for 1859‐type (Carrington) superstorms. The O + outflow (higher latitudes) could have an impact on this ion‐neutral drag.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O⁺Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4–10 September 2017

et al. 2018

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We have investigated the consequences of extreme space weather on ion outflow from the polar ionosphere by analyzing the solar storm that occurred early September 2017, causing a severe geomagnetic storm. Several X‐flares and coronal mass ejections were observed between 4 and 10 September. The first shock—likely associated with a coronal mass ejection—hit the Earth late on 6 September, produced a storm sudden commencement, and began the initial phase of the storm. It was followed by a second shock, approximately 24 hr later, that initiated the main phase and simultaneously the Dst index dropped to Dst = −142 nT and Kp index reached Kp = 8. Using COmposition DIstribution Function data on board Cluster satellite 4, we estimated the ionospheric O+ outflow before and after the second shock. We found an enhancement in the polar cap by a factor of 3 for an unusually high ionospheric O+ outflow (mapped to an ionospheric reference altitude) of 1013 m−2 s−1. We suggest that this high ionospheric O+ outflow is due to a preheating of the ionosphere by the multiple X‐flares. Finally, we briefly discuss the space weather consequences on the magnetosphere as a whole and the enhanced O+ outflow in connection with enhanced satellite drag.

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“…Because extremely strong MC magnetic fields are needed to produce extreme magnetic storms like the Carrington event Lakhina and Tsurutani, 2017), one should focus on extremely fast events for forecasting purposes. The geoeffective interplanetary dawn-to-dusk electric field is |V sw × B south |.…”

Section: Forecasting Magnetic Storms and Extreme Storms Associated Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of space weather/solar-terrestrial physics (STP): what we know now and what the current and future challenges are

Tsurutani

Lakhina²,

Hajra

2020

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. Major geomagnetic storms are caused by unusually intense solar wind southward magnetic fields that impinge upon the Earth's magnetosphere (Dungey, 1961). How can we predict the occurrence of future interplanetary events? Do we currently know enough of the underlying physics and do we have sufficient observations of solar wind phenomena that will impinge upon the Earth's magnetosphere? We view this as the most important challenge in space weather. We discuss the case for magnetic clouds (MCs), interplanetary sheaths upstream of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs). The sheath- and CIR-related magnetic storms will be difficult to predict and will require better knowledge of the slow solar wind and modeling to solve. For interplanetary space weather, there are challenges for understanding the fluences and spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs). This will require better knowledge of interplanetary shock properties as they propagate and evolve going from the Sun to 1 AU (and beyond), the upstream slow solar wind and energetic “seed” particles. Dayside aurora, triggering of nightside substorms, and formation of new radiation belts can all be caused by shock and interplanetary ram pressure impingements onto the Earth's magnetosphere. The acceleration and loss of relativistic magnetospheric “killer” electrons and prompt penetrating electric fields in terms of causing positive and negative ionospheric storms are reasonably well understood, but refinements are still needed. The forecasting of extreme events (extreme shocks, extreme solar energetic particle events, and extreme geomagnetic storms (Carrington events or greater)) are also discussed. Energetic particle precipitation into the atmosphere and ozone destruction are briefly discussed. For many of the studies, the Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS), Arase, and SWARM data will be useful.

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Satellite drag effects due to uplifted oxygen neutrals during super magnetic storms

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Satellite Orbital Drag During Magnetic Storms

Satellite Orbital Drag During Magnetic Storms

O⁺Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4–10 September 2017

The physics of space weather/solar-terrestrial physics (STP): what we know now and what the current and future challenges are

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Satellite drag effects due to uplifted oxygen neutrals during super magnetic storms

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Satellite Orbital Drag During Magnetic Storms

Satellite Orbital Drag During Magnetic Storms

O+Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4–10 September 2017

The physics of space weather/solar-terrestrial physics (STP): what we know now and what the current and future challenges are

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Product

Resources

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O⁺Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4–10 September 2017