Satellite DNA in insects: a review

Palomeque, Teresa; Lorite, Pedro

doi:10.1038/hdy.2008.24

Cited by 116 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…On the other hand, the large amounts of heterochromatin found in Y chromosomes might be particularly conducive to harboring polymorphic variation. One reason for this is that the mutation rates of repetitive heterochromatic DNA are unusually high, due to replication slippage and other processes (29,30); another is that the population genetics of Y chromosomes is unusual in featuring male hemizygosity. Thus, attributes of Y chromosomes might be conducive to the accumulation of heterochromatic variation as well as its expression in males.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict

Lemos

Branco²,

Hartl³

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

190

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Genetic conflicts between sexes and generations provide a foundation for understanding the functional evolution of sex chromosomes and sexually dimorphic phenotypes. Y chromosomes of Drosophila contain multi-megabase stretches of satellite DNA repeats and a handful of protein-coding genes that are monomorphic within species. Nevertheless, polymorphic variation in heterochromatic Y chromosomes of Drosophila result in genome-wide gene expression variation. Here we show that such naturally occurring Y-linked regulatory variation (YRV) can be detected in somatic tissues and contributes to the epigenetic balance of heterochromatin/ euchromatin at three distinct loci showing position-effect variegation (PEV). Moreover, polymorphic Y chromosomes differentially affect the expression of thousands of genes in XXY female genotypes in which Y-linked protein-coding genes are not transcribed. The data show a disproportionate influence of YRV on the variable expression of genes whose protein products localize to the nucleus, have nucleic-acid binding activity, and are involved in transcription, chromosome organization, and chromatin assembly. These include key components such as HP1, Trithorax-like (GAGA factor), Su(var)3-9, Brahma, MCM2, ORC2, and inner centromere protein. Furthermore, mitochondria-related genes, immune response genes, and transposable elements are also disproportionally affected by Y chromosome polymorphism. These functional clusterings may arise as a consequence of the involvement of Y-linked heterochromatin in the origin and resolution of genetic conflicts between males and females. Taken together, our results indicate that Y chromosome heterochromatin serves as a major source of epigenetic variation in natural populations that interacts with chromatin components to modulate the expression of biologically relevant phenotypic variation.evolution | heterochromatin | position-effect variegation | regulatory

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict

Lemos

Branco²,

Hartl³

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Satellite DNA families and their non-protein-coding transcripts participate in the spatial organization of genome in interphase nuclei, maintenance of the chromosome structure, chromocenter and centromere formation, and cellular stress response. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Fundamental knowledge about biogenesis and functions of the satellite noncoding transcripts has found application in medicine. [8][9][10] It is thus clear that satellite DNAs and their transcripts possess essential structural and functional roles in the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription of highly repetitive tandemly organized DNA in amphibians and birds: A historical overview and modern concepts

Trofimova

Krasikova

2016

RNA Biology

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Tandemly organized highly repetitive DNA sequences are crucial structural and functional elements of eukaryotic genomes. Despite extensive evidence, satellite DNA remains an enigmatic part of the eukaryotic genome, with biological role and significance of tandem repeat transcripts remaining rather obscure. Data on tandem repeats transcription in amphibian and avian model organisms is fragmentary despite their genomes being thoroughly characterized. Review systematically covers historical and modern data on transcription of amphibian and avian satellite DNA in somatic cells and during meiosis when chromosomes acquire special lampbrush form. We highlight how transcription of tandemly repetitive DNA sequences is organized in interphase nucleus and on lampbrush chromosomes. We offer LTR-activation hypotheses of widespread satellite DNA transcription initiation during oogenesis. Recent explanations are provided for the significance of high-yield production of non-coding RNA derived from tandemly organized highly repetitive DNA. In many cases the data on the transcription of satellite DNA can be extrapolated from lampbrush chromosomes to interphase chromosomes. Lampbrush chromosomes with applied novel technical approaches such as superresolution imaging, chromosome microdissection followed by high-throughput sequencing, dynamic observation in life-like conditions provide amazing opportunities for investigation mechanisms of the satellite DNA transcription.

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“…In humans, the a-satellite DNA comprises 171 bp monomers organized in a tandem, head-to-tail orientation, that can be arranged as several chromosome-specific HORs, such as the 6-mer HOR of chromosome 7 (Waye et al, 1987). In insects, higher-order satDNA repeats have been reported in some beetle species (Pons et al, 2002;Palomeque and Lorite, 2008) although there are no reports in Drosophila.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics and sites of illegitimate recombination revealed in the interspersion and sequence junctions of two nonhomologous satellite DNAs in cactophilic Drosophila species

et al. 2009

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Satellite DNA (satDNA) is a major component of genomes but relatively little is known about the fine-scale organization of unrelated satDNAs residing at the same chromosome location, and the sequence structure and dynamics of satDNA junctions. We studied the organization and sequence junctions of two nonhomologous satDNAs, pBuM and DBC-150, in three species from the neotropical Drosophila buzzatii cluster (repleta group). In situ hybridization to microchromosomes, interphase nuclei and extended DNA fibers showed frequent interspersion of the two satellites in D. gouveai, D. antonietae and, to a lesser extent, D. seriema. We isolated by PCR six pBuM Â DBC-150 junctions: four are exclusive to D. gouveai and two are exclusive to D. antonietae. The six junction breakpoints occur at different positions within monomers, suggesting independent origin. Four junctions showed abrupt transitions between the two satellites, whereas two junctions showed a distinct 10 bp tandem duplication before the junction. Unlike pBuM, DBC-150 junction repeats are more variable than randomly cloned monomers and showed diagnostic features in common to a 3-monomer higher-order repeat seen in the sister species D. serido. The high levels of interspersion between pBuM and DBC-150 repeats suggest extensive rearrangements between the two satellites, maybe favored by specific features of the microchromosomes. Our interpretation is that the junctions evolved by multiples events of illegitimate recombination between nonhomologous satDNA repeats, with subsequent rounds of unequal crossing-over expanding the copy number of some of the junctions.

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Satellite DNA in insects: a review

Cited by 116 publications

References 96 publications

Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict

Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict

Transcription of highly repetitive tandemly organized DNA in amphibians and birds: A historical overview and modern concepts

Evolutionary dynamics and sites of illegitimate recombination revealed in the interspersion and sequence junctions of two nonhomologous satellite DNAs in cactophilic Drosophila species

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