Satellite-detected tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Northern Italy

Filippini, Tommaso; Rothman, Kenneth J.; Goffi, Alessia; Ferrari, Fabrizio; Maffeis, Giuseppe; Orsini, Nicola; Vinceti, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140278

Cited by 86 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…They found a strong relationship between PM2.5 and death risk from COVID-19. Similar findings were reported regarding China ( Pansini and Fornacca, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020a ; Yao et al, 2020 ; Yongjian et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ), Italy ( Fattorini and Regoli, 2020 ; Filippini et al, 2020 ; Zoran et al, 2020 ), England ( Travaglio et al, 2020 ), Netherlands ( Andree, 2020 ), France ( Magazzino and Schneider, 2020 ), Malaysia ( Suhaimi et al, 2020 ), Germany ( Ogen, 2020 ), and India ( Saha et al, 2020 ). The study conducted by Saha et al (2020) also reported that areas with better air quality showed a larger number of COVID-19 recoveries.…”

Section: Pollutants and Their Relationship To Covid-19supporting

confidence: 71%

Environment and COVID-19: Pollutants, impacts, dissemination, management and recommendations for facing future epidemic threats

Espejo

Celis

Chiang

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

153

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Its relationship with environmental factors is an issue that has attracted the attention of scientists and governments. This article aims to deal with a possible association between COVID-19 and environmental factors and provide some recommendations for adequately controlling future epidemic threats. Environmental management through ecosystem services has a relevant role in exposing and spreading infectious diseases, reduction of pollutants, and control of climatic factors. Pollutants and viruses (such as COVID-19) produce negative immunological responses and share similar mechanisms of action. Therefore, they can have an additive and enhancing role in viral diseases. Significant associations between air pollution and COVID-19 have been reported. Particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) can obstruct the airway, exacerbating cases of COVID-19. Some climatic factors have been shown to affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Yet, it is not well established if climatic factors might have a cause-effect relationship to the spreading of SARS-CoV-2. So far, positive as well as negative indirect environmental impacts have been reported, with negative impacts greater and more persistent. Too little is known about the current pandemic to evaluate whether there is an association between environment and positive COVID-19 cases. We recommend smart technology to collect data remotely, the implementation of “one health” approach between public health physicians and veterinarians, and the use of biodegradable medical supplies in future epidemic threats.

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Section: Pollutants and Their Relationship To Covid-19supporting

confidence: 71%

Environment and COVID-19: Pollutants, impacts, dissemination, management and recommendations for facing future epidemic threats

Espejo

Celis

Chiang

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, lockdown and movement restriction measures can improve air quality and avoid spread of infectious diseases (Coccia, 2020b;Fattorini and Regoli, 2020;Filippini et al, 2020;Lau et al, 2020;Pirouz et al, 2020;Shen et al, 2020;Zambrano-Monserrate et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: A look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators

Bolaño-Ortiz

Caicedo

Puliafito

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

102

109

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We have evaluated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region by means of a correlation between climate and air pollution indicators, namely, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air pollution indicators PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and NO 2 with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. The study focuses in the following LAC cities: Mexico City (Mexico), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Bogotá (Colombia), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Manaus (Brazil), Lima (Perú), Santiago (Chile), São Paulo (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The results show that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality were significantly associated with the spread of COVID-19 in LAC. Additionally, humidity, wind speed and rainfall showed a significant relationship with daily cases, total cases and mortality for various cities. Income inequality and poverty levels were also considered as a variable for qualitative analysis. Our findings suggest that and income inequality and poverty levels in the cities analyzed were related to the spread of COVID-19 positive and negative, respectively. These results might help decision-makers to design future strategies to tackle the spread of COVID-19 in LAC and around the world.

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“…These factors included medical history, life-style factors, and environmental risk factors such as climate indicators and air pollutants. Some studies suggested a possible relation of virus outbreak with high levels of environmental air pollution (Barcelo, 2020;Bashir et al, 2020;Copat et al, 2020;Filippini et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Ogen, 2020;Pequeno et al, 2020;Setti et al, 2020b;Tsatsakis et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020). Putative mechanisms included enhanced susceptibility to respiratory viral infections through damage and inflammation of lung cells, immune dysregulation, and hyperactivation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Chen et al, 2010;Comunian et al, 2020;Conticini et al, 2020;Peng et al, 2020), upregulation of viral receptor ACE-2 (Borro et al, 2020;Tung et al, 2020), or air pathogen transportation by particulate matter suitable as virus carrier (Comunian et al, 2020;Manoj et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

Filippini

Rothman

Cocchio

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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After the appearance of COVID-19 in China last December 2019, Italy was the first European country to be severely affected by the outbreak. The first diagnosis in Italy was on February 20, 2020, followed by the establishment of a light and a tight lockdown on February 23 and on March 8, 2020, respectively. The virus spread rapidly, particularly in the North of the country in the ‘Padan Plain’ area, known as one of the most polluted regions in Europe. Air pollution has been recently hypothesized to enhance the clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting through adverse effects on immunity, induction of respiratory and other chronic disease, upregulation of viral receptor ACE-2, and possible pathogen transportation as a virus carrier. We investigated the association between air pollution and subsequent COVID-19 mortality rates within two Italian regions (Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). We estimated ground-level nitrogen dioxide through its tropospheric levels using data available from the Sentinel satellites of the European Space Agency Copernicus program before the lockdown. We then examined COVID-19 mortality rates in relation to the nitrogen dioxide levels at three 14-day lag points after the lockdown, namely March 8, 22 and April 5. Using a multivariable negative binomial regression model, we found an association between nitrogen dioxide and COVID-19 mortality. Although ecological data provide only weak evidence, these findings indicate an association between air pollution levels and COVID-19 severity.

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Satellite-detected tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Northern Italy

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Environment and COVID-19: Pollutants, impacts, dissemination, management and recommendations for facing future epidemic threats

Environment and COVID-19: Pollutants, impacts, dissemination, management and recommendations for facing future epidemic threats

Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: A look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

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