Satb2 is required for the regionalization of retrosplenial cortex

Zhang, Lei; Song, Ning‐Ning; Zhang, Qiong; Mei, Wan-Ying; He, Chun-Hui; Ma, Ping; Huang, Ying; Chen, Jia-Yin; Mao, Bingyu; Luo, Bing; Ding, Yu

doi:10.1038/s41418-019-0443-1

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The function of Nurr1 and its role in development of dopaminergic neurons has been studied in detail ( Zetterström et al, 1997 ; Sakurada et al, 1999 ; Hermanson et al, 2003 ; Eells et al, 2006 ). Interestingly, a recent study has found that in the medial pallium Nurr1 is repressed by Satb2 and promotes subiculum identity in the absence of Satb2 ( Zhang et al, 2020 ). However, so far little is known about the role of Nurr1 expression in claustrum development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Patterning and Neurogenetic Gradients of Nurr1 Positive Neurons in the Rat Claustrum and Lateral Cortex

Fang¹,

Wang²,

Naumann³

2021

Front. Neuroanat.

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The claustrum is an enigmatic brain structure thought to be important for conscious sensations. Recent studies have focused on gene expression patterns, connectivity, and function of the claustrum, but relatively little is known about its development. Interestingly, claustrum-enriched genes, including the previously identified marker Nurr1, are not only expressed in the classical claustrum complex, but also embedded within lateral neocortical regions in rodents. Recent studies suggest that Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex share a highly conserved genetic expression pattern with claustrum neurons. Thus, we focus on the developmental progression and birth dating pattern of the claustrum and Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex. We comprehensively investigate the expression of Nurr1 at various stages of development in the rat and find that Nurr1 expression first appears as an elongated line along the anterior-posterior axis on embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) and then gradually differentiates into multiple sub-regions during prenatal development. Previous birth dating studies of the claustrum have led to conflicting results, therefore, we combine 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling with in situ hybridization for Nurr1 to study birth dating patterns. We find that most dorsal endopiriform (DEn) neurons are born on E13.5 to E14.5. Ventral claustrum (vCL) and dorsal claustrum (dCL) are mainly born on E14.5 to E15.5. Nurr1 positive cortical deep layer neurons (dLn) and superficial layer neurons (sLn) are mainly born on E14.5 to E15.5 and E15.5 to E17.5, respectively. Finally, we identify ventral to dorsal and posterior to anterior neurogenetic gradients within vCL and DEn. Thus, our findings suggest that claustrum and Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex are born sequentially over several days of embryonic development and contribute toward charting the complex developmental pattern of the claustrum in rodents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Patterning and Neurogenetic Gradients of Nurr1 Positive Neurons in the Rat Claustrum and Lateral Cortex

Fang¹,

Wang²,

Naumann³

2021

Front. Neuroanat.

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“…To determine if regions exhibiting enrichment in H3k9me2 also display increased occupancy of SATB2 , we conducted ChIP-qPCR analysis using the previously validated antibody [ 53 – 55 ]. As a positive control, we assayed the enrichment of H3K9me2 and SATB2 at the SOX5 binding site within enhancer 434, upstream of the gene encoding Fezf2 [ 53 , 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by gestational alcohol exposure correlate with widespread increases in H3K9me2 that do not suppress transcription

Chang

Thomas

Mehta

et al. 2021

Epigenetics & Chromatin

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Background A critical question emerging in the field of developmental toxicology is whether alterations in chromatin structure induced by toxicant exposure control patterns of gene expression or, instead, are structural changes that are part of a nuclear stress response. Previously, we used a mouse model to conduct a three-way comparison between control offspring, alcohol-exposed but phenotypically normal animals, and alcohol-exposed offspring exhibiting craniofacial and central nervous system structural defects. In the cerebral cortex of animals exhibiting alcohol-induced dysgenesis, we identified a dramatic increase in the enrichment of dimethylated histone H3, lysine 9 (H3K9me2) within the regulatory regions of key developmental factors driving histogenesis in the brain. However, whether this change in chromatin structure is causally involved in the development of structural defects remains unknown. Results Deep-sequencing analysis of the cortex transcriptome reveals that the emergence of alcohol-induced structural defects correlates with disruptions in the genetic pathways controlling oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function. The majority of the affected pathways are downstream targets of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), indicating that this stress-responsive complex plays a role in propagating the epigenetic memory of alcohol exposure through gestation. Importantly, transcriptional disruptions of the pathways regulating oxidative homeostasis correlate with the emergence of increased H3K9me2 across genic, repetitive, and non-transcribed regions of the genome. However, although associated with gene silencing, none of the candidate genes displaying increased H3K9me2 become transcriptionally repressed, nor do they exhibit increased markers of canonical heterochromatin. Similar to studies in C. elegans, disruptions in oxidative homeostasis induce the chromatin looping factor SATB2, but in mammals, this protein does not appear to drive increased H3K9me2 or altered patterns of gene expression. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that changes in H3K9me2 associate with alcohol-induced congenital defects, but that this epigenetic change does not correlate with transcriptional suppression. We speculate that the mobilization of SATB2 and increased enrichment of H3K9me2 may be components of a nuclear stress response that preserve chromatin integrity and interactions under prolonged oxidative stress. Further, we postulate that while this response may stabilize chromatin structure, it compromises the nuclear plasticity required for normal differentiation.

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“…Satb2 has been implicated in cell type-specific activities during mouse neural development and has the potential to act both as an activator and a repressor 20 , 23 , 24 , 41 . To better understand the function of Satb2 during differential cell fate specification, we performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis on wild-type siblings ( satb2 +/+ ) and mutants ( satb2 −/− ) at 14 ss (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satb2 acts as a gatekeeper for major developmental transitions during early vertebrate embryogenesis

et al. 2021

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Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) initiates regionalized transcription underlying distinct cellular identities. ZGA is dependent upon dynamic chromatin architecture sculpted by conserved DNA-binding proteins. However, the direct mechanistic link between the onset of ZGA and the tissue-specific transcription remains unclear. Here, we have addressed the involvement of chromatin organizer Satb2 in orchestrating both processes during zebrafish embryogenesis. Integrative analysis of transcriptome, genome-wide occupancy and chromatin accessibility reveals contrasting molecular activities of maternally deposited and zygotically synthesized Satb2. Maternal Satb2 prevents premature transcription of zygotic genes by influencing the interplay between the pluripotency factors. By contrast, zygotic Satb2 activates transcription of the same group of genes during neural crest development and organogenesis. Thus, our comparative analysis of maternal versus zygotic function of Satb2 underscores how these antithetical activities are temporally coordinated and functionally implemented highlighting the evolutionary implications of the biphasic and bimodal regulation of landmark developmental transitions by a single determinant.

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Satb2 is required for the regionalization of retrosplenial cortex

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Developmental Patterning and Neurogenetic Gradients of Nurr1 Positive Neurons in the Rat Claustrum and Lateral Cortex

Developmental Patterning and Neurogenetic Gradients of Nurr1 Positive Neurons in the Rat Claustrum and Lateral Cortex

Programmed suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by gestational alcohol exposure correlate with widespread increases in H3K9me2 that do not suppress transcription

Satb2 acts as a gatekeeper for major developmental transitions during early vertebrate embryogenesis

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