SAS System for Linear Models

Ziegel, Eric R.; Littell, Ramon C.; Freund, Rudolf J.; Spector, P.

doi:10.2307/1268965

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The results obtained were subjected to least squares analysis of variance according to the general linear models procedure of SAS (1985) and orthogonal contrasts between control vs. SBO supplementation for fat location were applied to compare differences in treatment means by T-Test (Freund et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on the Contents of Plasma Cholesterol and Cis9, trans11-CLA of the Fat Tissues in Sheep

Choi¹,

Wang²,

Kim³

et al. 2006

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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A feeding trial was conducted with 10 sheep for 12 weeks to examine the effect of soybean oil (SBO) supplementation on long-chain fatty acids composition, especially cis9,trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) in fat tissues. Sheep were fed either a SBO supplemented diet (5%, DM basis) or a control diet without SBO. Chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. Concomitant increases in contents of total cholesterol (T-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the plasma of sheep were observed from the SBO supplementation. The supplementation of SBO reduced (p<0.05) the proportions of C 16:1 , C 17:0 and C 17:1 but increased (p<0.05) the proportions of C 18:0 and octadecenoic acid (t11-C 18:1 ) in the intramuscular fat. The C 18:0 proportion only in the subcutaneous fat was increased (p<0.05) by the SBO supplementation. The SBO supplementation slightly increased CLA proportion in the intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on the Contents of Plasma Cholesterol and Cis9, trans11-CLA of the Fat Tissues in Sheep

Choi¹,

Wang²,

Kim³

et al. 2006

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…As a measure of these multivariate associations, the new R 2 (R 2 ß ) statistic proposed by Edwards, et al 18 was used, where the Kenward-Roger F and a random intercept covariance structure were considered. The square root of R 2 ß is denoted as r. Various covariance structures were considered, and the final choice was based on the Akaike Information Criteria 19 . For all tests and CI, the significance level was set at 5%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Albumin as a Marker for Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Yip

Aghdassi²,

Su³

et al. 2010

J Rheumatol

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“…The SAS proc glm was used for a one-way ANOVA between treatments and Levene's test was used for heterogeneity of variance (Littell et al 2002). The two treatment means were compared with the control using Dunnett's adjustment for multiplicity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietarytrans10,cis12-conjugated linoleic acid reduces the expression of fatty acid oxidation and drug detoxification enzymes in mouse liver

et al. 2007

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Mice fed diets containing trans 10, cis 12 (t10, c12)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) develop fatty livers and the role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in this development is not well defined. We examined the effects of dietary cis 9, trans 11-CLA (c9, t11-CLA) and t10, c12-CLA on the expression of hepatic genes for fatty acid metabolism. Female mice, 8 weeks old, (six animals per group) were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with 0·5 % c9, t11-or t10, c12-CLA for 8 weeks. DNA microarray analysis showed that t10, c12-CLA increased the expression of 278 hepatic genes and decreased those of 121 genes (. 2-fold); c9, t11-CLA increased expression of twenty-two genes and decreased those of nine. Real-time PCR confirmed that t10, c12-CLA reduced by the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes including flavin monooxygenase (FMO)-3 95 %, cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) 69 %, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a 77 %, acetyl CoA oxidase (ACOX) 50 % and PPARa 65 %; it increased the expression of fatty acid synthase by 3·5-fold (P,0·05 for all genes, except ACOX P¼ 0·08). It also reduced the enzymatic activity of hepatic microsomal FMO by 40 % and the FMO3 specific protein by 67 %. c9, t11-CLA reduced FMO3 and cyt P450 expression by 61 % (P¼0·001) and 38 % (P¼ 0·06) and increased steoryl CoA desaturase transcription by 5·9-fold (P¼0·07). Both decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased fatty acid synthesis seem to contribute to the CLA-induced fatty liver. Since FMO and cyt P450 are also involved in drug detoxification, suppression of the transcription of these genes by CLA may have other health consequences besides development of fatty liver.Microarrays: Real-time PCR: Cytochrome P450: Flavin monooxygenase: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase: PPARa Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a group of isomers of linoleic acid that have conjugated double bonds. Depending on the position and geometry of the double bonds, several isomers of CLA have been reported (Eulitz et al. 1999). Most of the published studies have used mixtures of CLA isomers, which comprised two major forms, cis 9, trans 11-CLA (c9, t11-CLA) and trans 10, cis 12-CLA (t10, c12-CLA), and a number of minor isomers. The major dietary sources of c9, t11-CLA are dairy products and ruminant meat, while that of t10, c12-CLA are partially hydrogenated vegetable oils from margarines and shortenings (McGuire et al. 1999).Feeding a mixture of CLA isomers to animal models altered blood lipids, atherogenesis, diabetes, body composition, chemically induced carcinogenesis and immune cell functions (Belury, 2002). Diets containing CLA reduced the amount of adipose fat in several species including rat, pig, hamster, chicken and mouse (Kelley & Erickson, 2003; Tricon et al. 2005). The loss of adipose tissue in mice was associated with a several-fold increase in the amount of fat stored in the liver (Belury & Kempa-Steczko, 1997; Park et al. 1999; Tsuboyama-Kasaoka et al. 2000;Clement et al. 2002;Degrace et al. 2003;Kelley et al. 2004; Poirier ...

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SAS System for Linear Models

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on the Contents of Plasma Cholesterol and Cis9, trans11-CLA of the Fat Tissues in Sheep

Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on the Contents of Plasma Cholesterol and Cis9, trans11-CLA of the Fat Tissues in Sheep

Serum Albumin as a Marker for Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Dietarytrans10,cis12-conjugated linoleic acid reduces the expression of fatty acid oxidation and drug detoxification enzymes in mouse liver

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