SARS-CoV-2 Virologic and Immunologic Correlates in Patients with Olfactory and Taste Disorders

Benazzo, Marco; Cassaniti, Irene; Maiorano, Eugenia; Calastri, Anna; Novazzi, Federica; Bonetti, Antonella; Sarasini, Antonella; Bruno, Raffaele; Baldanti, Fausto

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8071052

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This may be primarily related to the interval between symptoms' onset and laboratory confirmation. Indeed, as we previously observed in a smaller cohort [9] , the great majority of patients developed SARS-CoV-2 IgG three weeks after symptoms' onset, while RNA detectability in NS gradually decreased over time ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Most studies investigating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in OGD patients relied on NS results one, like the reports from Lechien (88%) [10] , Salmon-Ceron (94%) [11] and Hopkins (74%) [27] . Only two studies so far employs SS testing, specifically a preliminary report from our study group (75%) [9] and a cross-sectional study employing solely qualitative point-of-care serological kits (77.6%) [28] . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing SARS-CoV-2 prevalence relying on both NS and SS within a controlled clinical setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, OGD in COVID-19 patients is weakly correlated with sinonasal symptoms. Moreover, it typically shows sudden and early onset, being often the only reported symptom [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical, virological and immunological evolution of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19

Maiorano

Calastri

Robotti

et al. 2022

American Journal of Otolaryngology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose New-onset olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) represents a well-acknowledged COVID-19 red flag. Nevertheless, its clinical, virological and serological features are still a matter of debate. Materials and methods For this cohort study, 170 consecutive subjects with new-onset OGD were consecutively recruited. Otolaryngological examination, OGD subjective grading, nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and serum samples (SS) collection for SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantification were conducted at baseline and after one (T1), two (T2) and four weeks (T3). Results SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 79% of patients. Specifically, 43% of positive patients were detected only by SS analysis. The OGD was the only clinical complaint in 10% of cases. Concurrent sinonasal symptoms were reported by 45% of patients. Subjective improvement at T3 was reported by 97% of patients, with 40% recovering completely. Hormonal disorders and RNA detectability in NS were the only variables associated with OGD severity. Recovery rate was higher in case of seasonal influenza vaccination, lower in patients with systemic involvement and severe OGD. Not RNA levels or IgG titers were correlated with recovery. Conclusion Clinical, virological and serological features of COVID-19 related OGD were monitored longitudinally, offering valuable hints for future research on the relationship between host characteristics and chemosensory dysfunctions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical, virological and immunological evolution of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19

Maiorano

Calastri

Robotti

et al. 2022

American Journal of Otolaryngology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Oral Disease Manifestation In Sars‐cov‐2 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction are symptoms that have been reported by patients with Covid‐19 57–64 . These symptoms are most commonly diagnosed between 2 and 14 days after contact with SARS‐CoV‐2 57 (Table 3). Due to a great variety of assessment methods for olfactory and taste dysfunction among Covid‐19 patients, the prevalence of these disorders is variable in the literature.…”

Section: Oral Disease Manifestation In Sars‐cov‐2 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid‐19 and oral diseases: Crosstalk, synergy or association?

Brandini

Takamiya

Thakkar

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that clinically affects multiple organs of the human body. Cells in the oral cavity express viral entry receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 that allows viral replication and may cause tissue inflammation and destruction. Recent studies have reported that Covid‐19 patients present oral manifestations with multiple clinical aspects. In this review, we aim to summarise main signs and symptoms of Covid‐19 in the oral cavity, its possible association with oral diseases, and the plausible underlying mechanisms of hyperinflammation reflecting crosstalk between Covid‐19 and oral diseases. Ulcers, blisters, necrotising gingivitis, opportunistic coinfections, salivary gland alterations, white and erythematous plaques and gustatory dysfunction were the most reported clinical oral manifestations in patients with Covid‐19. In general, the lesions appear concomitant with the loss of smell and taste. Multiple reports show evidences of necrotic/ulcerative gingiva, oral blisters and hypergrowth of opportunistic oral pathogens. SARS‐CoV‐2 exhibits tropism for endothelial cells and Covid‐19‐mediated endotheliitis can not only promote inflammation in oral tissues but can also facilitate virus spread. In addition, elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in patients with Covid‐19 and oral infectious disease can impair tissue homeostasis and cause delayed disease resolution. This suggests potential crosstalk of immune‐mediated pathways underlying pathogenesis. Interestingly, few reports suggest recurrent herpetic lesions and higher bacterial growth in Covid‐19 subjects, indicating SARS‐CoV‐2 and oral virus/bacteria interaction. Larger cohort studies comparing SARS‐CoV‐2 negative and positive subjects will reveal oral manifestation of the virus on oral health and its role in exacerbating oral infection.

show abstract

SARS COV-2 and other viral etiology as a possible clue for the olfactory dilemma

Mansour

Taha

Mahmoud

et al. 2022

Egypt J Otolaryngol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Post-viral anosmia is responsible for more than 40% of cases of anosmia. Anosmia has been a neglected symptom in the primary healthcare setting until the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection highlighted new atypical symptoms of the disease, including anosmia, which has become one of the diagnostic symptoms of the disease, and epidemiological concern. We aimed to detect the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within patients presented with anosmia and to test for other respiratory viruses in the negative COVID-19 patients. We also detected the recovery of anosmia and IgM/IgG against COVID-19. We prospectively included 60 outpatients with the major complaint of anosmia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were done for SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR, and if negative, PCR to other respiratory pathogens was tested. After one month, we inquired about the recovery of smell loss together with testing for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-six patients (76.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and 14 (23.3%) were negative. Rhinovirus was the commonest isolated pathogen in the negative cases (5/14). Complete recovery of anosmia occurred in 34 patients (56.7%), while partial recovery in 24 (40.0%), and no recovery in 2 patients (3.3%). The median time to complete recovery was 10 days. 28.3% (13/46) of the patients showed negative antibody response for both IgG and IgM. Conclusions Sudden-onset anosmia is a symptom that is highly predictive of being COVID-19-infected. While recovery is expected within 2 weeks, some patients have no antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

SARS-CoV-2 Virologic and Immunologic Correlates in Patients with Olfactory and Taste Disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Clinical, virological and immunological evolution of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19

Clinical, virological and immunological evolution of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19

Covid‐19 and oral diseases: Crosstalk, synergy or association?

SARS COV-2 and other viral etiology as a possible clue for the olfactory dilemma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About