SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Rate and Estimated Effectiveness of the Inactivated Whole Virion Vaccine BBV152 Against Reinfection Among Health Care Workers in New Delhi, India

Malhotra, Sumit; Mani, Kalaivani; Lodha, Rakesh; Bakhshi, Sameer; Mathur, Vijay Prakash; Gupta, P.; Kedia, Saurabh; Sankar, Jhuma; Kumar, Praveen; Kumar, Arvind; Ahuja, Vineet; Sinha, Subrata; Guleria, Randeep; Dua, Aman; Ahmad, S Rehan; Sathiyamoorthy, Ramadass; Sharma, Ajay P.; Sakya, Tabbu; Gaur, Vikas; Chaudhary, Shilpi; Madan, Divya; Gupta, Anvita; Virmani, Shubi; Yadav, Nidhi; Sachdeva, Surbhi; Sharma, Smily; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Pandey, Anand; Singh, Mukesh; Jhurani, Divashree; Sarkar, Sujoy; Lokade, Amol Kumar; Atif, Mohammad; Pandit, Sabitri; Dubey, Ritu; Singh, Ajay K.; Gohar, Naveen; Soni, Divyansh; Bhattacharyya, Arunangshu; Rai, Sabin; Tummala, Snikitha; Gupta, Ishan; Shukla, Sagrika

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42210

Cited by 57 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The VE in our study are similar to estimates that have been reported in New Delhi, India for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate and estimated effectiveness of the inactivated Whole Virion Vaccine BBV152 among Health Care Workers, Fully vaccinated HCWs had a lower risk of reinfection (HR = 0.14, 95%CI 0.08-0.23) (20). Despite their higher VE, and that is maybe due to their larger sample size or different vaccine type, their study was conducted at only one large hospital.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effectiveness and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among healthcare workers: A seven-month follow-up study at fifteen hospitals

Ashmawy¹,

Kamal

Sharaf³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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OBJECTIVE Health care workers_ the first line army in the current pandemic_ are the most vulnerable group for COVID-19 infection. Vaccination of health care workers is strongly recommended to salvage our army. However, more research is needed to determine the safest and most effective vaccine. In our study, we assessed the safety and effectiveness of the first approved vaccine in Egypt_ the Sinopharm vaccine. DESIGN, SETTING: An ambispective cohort study was conducted in fifteen triage and isolation hospitals, from the 1st of March till the end of September 2021. Participants are either fully vaccinated or unvaccinated. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Efficacy outcome to assess vaccine effectiveness, severity outcome to assess incidence rate of hospitalized cases (severe to critically ill) or the COVID-19 related mortality, in addition to the safety of the vaccine. INTERPRETATION: From the selected hospitals, we included 1228 of 1364 interviewed healthcare workers. Vaccine effectiveness was 67% to protect against symptomatic PCR confirmed cases and 46% for total COVID-19 infection after adjusting hazard ratio. Incidence rate ratios of vaccinated to unvaccinated group were 0.39 (95%CI, 0.24–0.65) for PCR confirmed symptomatic case, 0.63 (95%CI, 0.46–0.86) for total COVID-19 infection, 0.45 (95% CI, 0.15–1.31) for hospitalization, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.07– 6.39) for mechanical ventilation and only one COVID-19 death among unvaccinated group. Most adverse events are mild and well-tolerated. Pregnant and lactating vaccinated mothers did not report any sentinel adverse events. CONCLUSION Sinopharm was effective in protecting health care workers from the highly transmissible COVID-19 infection when the predominant Delta variant was ambient.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effectiveness and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among healthcare workers: A seven-month follow-up study at fifteen hospitals

Ashmawy¹,

Kamal

Sharaf³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another aspect of this pandemic regards both reinfections and infections among vaccinated subjects. While, on the one hand, the pandemic growth curve has been significantly reduced, on the other hand, in various health contexts worldwide, cases of reinfection have been detected in subjects previously positive for SARS-CoV-2, along with cases of infection diagnosed in vaccinated subjects (conventionally called "vaccine breakthroug") [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Health Workers at the University Hospital of Verona, Italy: A Retrospective Cohort Survey

et al. 2022

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Background: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign began on 27 December 2020 in Europe, primarily involving health workers. This study aimed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination effectiveness, as assessed by reductions in incidence, symptom severity, and further infection spreading. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 9811 health workers operating at the Verona University Hospital, Italy, from 27 December 2020 to 3 May 2021. All health workers were offered vaccination with Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer, Mainz, Germany/New York, United States), and a health surveillance program was implemented with periodical swab testing. Vaccination status and clinical data were collected using an ad hoc semi-structured questionnaire and health surveillance charts. Results: As of 3rd of May, 82.5% of health workers had been vaccinated against SAR-CoV-2, and 177 (1.8%) had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination more than halved the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduced by two-thirds the cumulative incidence of symptomatic subjects. In detail, most unvaccinated HWs were symptomatic; 50% reported fever, 45% reported ageusia/anosmia, and nearly 20% reported dyspnea. These percentages were much lower in HWs who had been vaccinated for at least 14 days (18% for fever and anosmia, 6% for dyspnea and ageusia). Moreover, cases of vaccine breakthrough were sixfold less likely to further spread the infection than unvaccinated HWs. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reduced the infection frequency among HWs, further spreading of the infection, and the presence, severity, and duration of COVID-19-related symptoms.

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“…Recent publications have evaluated the effectiveness of Covishield TM and Covaxin® in the real world setting outside clinical trials. In a large retrospective cohort of 15244 HCWs conducted during the delta variant (B.1.617.2) predominant months of March to June 2021 in North India, recipients of 2 doses of Covaxin were found to have higher protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection [23] . In a cohort of patients on haemodialysis during the months of March to June 2021, patients who received at least one dose of either Covishield or Covaxin had a 46% (95% CI: 17%-62%) lower risk of mortality due to COVID 19 infection on adjusted models [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prior vaccination with CovishieldTM and Covaxin® on mortality among symptomatic COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in South India during April and May 2021: a cohort study

Abhilash¹,

Mathiyalagan²,

Krishnaraj³

et al. 2022

Vaccine

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Background COVID-19 vaccines were authorised for emergency use to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. This study evaluated the effect of prior vaccination with either Oxford Astra Zeneca’s Covishield TM or Bharath Biotech’s Covaxin® on mortality among symptomatic COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in India. Methodology In this cohort study comprising of RT-PCR confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 patients presenting during April and May 2021, the effect of prior vaccination on mortality (primary outcome), need for hospitalization, oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were assessed and expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The mean (SD) age of the cohort (n=4183) was 46.3 (15.5) years; 17.9% (748/4183) had received at least one dose of Covishield TM and 4.8% (201/4183) had received Covaxin®. Mortality was 0.2% (95% CI: -0.2% - 0.7%), 3.5% (1.9% - 5.2%), 6.2% (0.3% - 12%) and 12.9% (11.8% - 14.1%) among fully vaccinated (>2 weeks after two doses), partially vaccinated (>2 weeks after one dose or <2 weeks after two doses), indeterminate (<2 weeks after one dose) and unvaccinated patients respectively. The difference in mortality among unvaccinated vs. fully vaccinated was 12.7% (95% CI: 11.4% - 13.9%), unvaccinated vs. partially vaccinated was 9.4% (7.4% - 11.4%) and unvaccinated vs. indeterminate vaccinated was 6.8% (0.8% - 12.7%). On adjusted analysis, as compared to unvaccinated patients, at least one dose of vaccine reduced the need for hospitalization (RR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.35 - 0.47), oxygen (0.33; 0.27 - 0.40), NIV (0.23; 0.17 - 0.32), ICU admission (0.18; 0.12 - 0.27) and mortality (0.18; 0.11 - 0.29). Conclusion Among symptomatic COVID-19 patients, prior vaccination with Covishield TM or Covaxin® impacted the severity of illness and reduced mortality during a period of widespread delta variant circulation. Full vaccination conferred greater protection than partial vaccination.

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SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Rate and Estimated Effectiveness of the Inactivated Whole Virion Vaccine BBV152 Against Reinfection Among Health Care Workers in New Delhi, India

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Effectiveness and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among healthcare workers: A seven-month follow-up study at fifteen hospitals

Effectiveness and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) among healthcare workers: A seven-month follow-up study at fifteen hospitals

Post-Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Health Workers at the University Hospital of Verona, Italy: A Retrospective Cohort Survey

Impact of prior vaccination with CovishieldTM and Covaxin® on mortality among symptomatic COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in South India during April and May 2021: a cohort study

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