SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant clearance delayed in breakthrough cases with elevated fasting blood glucose

Abstract

Background Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is a dominant variant worldwide. However, the risk factors for Omicron variant clearance are yet unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors for early viral clearance of Omicron variant in patients with a history of inactivated vaccine injection. Methods Demographic, clinical, and epidemiological data from 187 patients were collected retrospectively during the Omicron variant wave. Results 73/187 and 114/187 patients were administered two and three doses of vaccine, respectively. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity was 9 days, and the difference between patients with two and three vaccine injections was insignificant (P = 0.722). Fever was the most common symptom (125/187), and most patients (98.4%) had a fever for < 7 days. The RNA was undetectable in 65/187 patients on day 7. Univariable logistic analysis showed that baseline glucose, uric acid, lymphocytes count, platelet count, and CD4+ T lymphocyte count were associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positivity on day 7. Multivariable analysis showed that glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and CD4+T lymphocytes count were independent risk factors for RNA positivity on day 7. 163/187 patients had an undetectable RNA test on day 14, and uric acid was the only independent risk factor for RNA positivity. Moreover, baseline glucose was negatively correlated with uric acid and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell count, while uric acid was positively correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell count. Conclusions Omicron variant clearance was delayed in breakthrough cases with elevated fasting blood glucose, irrespective of the doses of inactivated vaccine.

Blood Count and Renal Functionality Assessments in the Emergency Section Disclose Morbidity and Mortality in Omicron COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

“…The emergence of the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised other, but minor, concerns globally due to its high transmissibility and potential impact on public health [ 36 , 37 ]. As for the Omicron-induced hematological changes, one consistent finding in individuals infected with the Omicron variant is notable alterations in lymphocyte and PLT counts [ 38 , 39 ]. Lymphocytes play a crucial role in the body’s immune response, and their reduction may indicate the severity of the infection or the impact of the variant on immune cell populations [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…As for the Omicron-induced hematological changes, one consistent finding in individuals infected with the Omicron variant is notable alterations in lymphocyte and PLT counts [ 38 , 39 ]. Lymphocytes play a crucial role in the body’s immune response, and their reduction may indicate the severity of the infection or the impact of the variant on immune cell populations [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Further, data also suggest that platelet counts may be affected by the Omicron variant [ 38 , 39 ]. Thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet levels) or thrombocytosis (elevated platelet levels) could occur, necessitating careful monitoring and management to address potential complications related to blood clotting [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Disclosing Morbidity and Mortality by Routine Blood Analyses of the Emergency Room in Omicron COVID-19 Patients. A Retrospective Study

“…The emergence of the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised other, but minor, concerns globally due to its high transmissibility and potential impact on public health [36,37]. As for the Omicron-induced hematological changes, one of the consistent findings in individuals infected with the Omicron variant is notable alterations in lymphocyte and PLT counts [38,39]. Lymphocytes play a crucial role in the body's immune response, and their reduction may indicate the severity of the infection or the impact of the variant on immune cell populations [38,39].…”

Vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID‑19 patients is associated with disease severity and IL-5 production

“…SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and enters the host cell, leading to the development of pulmonary lesions and pneumonia [ 1 , 2 ]. Research into effective treatments need to be coupled with vaccine development [ 3 , 4 ]. Drugs that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 remain lacking.…”