SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 variant breakthrough infections in nursing home residents after an homologous third dose of the Comirnaty® COVID‐19 vaccine: Looking for correlates of protection

Torres, Ignacio; Giménez, Estela; Albert, Eliseo; Zulaica, Joao; Álvarez‐Rodríguez, Beatriz; Peiró, Salvador; Limón, Ramón; Vanaclocha, Hermelinda; Rodado, Celia; Botija, Pilar; Sifre, Amelia; Tur, Borja; Lozano, Rosa Andrés; Orosa, Iria; Vicente-Ruiz, MaÁngeles; Carrión, Ramón J; Clari, Ma Ángeles; Sánchez‐Paya, José; Díez‐Domingo, Javier; Comas, Iñaki; Gónzález-Candelas, Fernando; Geller, Ron; Navarro, David

doi:10.1002/jmv.27867

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Among the recipients of the third-dose who had close contact with COVID-19 patients during the Omicron wave, we observed no measurable differences in the levels of live-virus Nab against Omicron variants and anti-spike antibodies between breakthrough infection cases and their controls. This result is consistent with the findings of a study of nursing home residents, which showed no difference in pseudo typed virus NAb titers against Omicron following the third vaccination between Omicron-infected patients and arbitrarily selected controls [9]. These results suggest that among healthy people, breakthrough infections with highly immune-evasive Omicron variants may occur independent of the humoral immune response to the third-dose vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between vaccine-induced antibody levels and infection risk, whereas others have suggested that infection occurs irrespective of the antibody levels. Data regarding the association between vaccine-induced immunogenicity and infection risk during the Omicron epidemic are limited [9], which has increased transmissibility and high immune evasion. VE studies have reported a higher ratio of asymptomatic patients to overall infected patients in vaccinated COVID-19 patients than in unvaccinated patients [10, 11], suggesting a suppressive role of the vaccine against symptoms of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Yamamoto

Matsuda

Maeda

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Data on the role of immunogenicity following the third vaccine dose against Omicron infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19)–compatible symptoms of infection are limited. Methods First we examined vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the third–dose against the second dose during the Omicron wave among the staff at a tertiary hospital in Tokyo. In a case–control study of a cohort of third vaccine recipients, we compared the pre–infection levels of live–virus neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against Omicron between breakthrough cases and their controls, who had close contact with COVID–19 patients. Among these cases, we examined the association between pre–infection NAb levels and the number of COVID–19–compatible symptoms experienced during the Omicron wave. Results Among the 1456 participants for VE analysis, 60 (4%) breakthrough infections occurred during the Omicron wave (January to March 2022). The third–dose VE for infection, relative to the second dose was 54.6% (95% CI: 14.0–76.0). Among the recipients of the third vaccine, pre–infection NAb levels against Omicron did not significantly differ between the cases and controls. Among the cases, those who experienced COVID–19–compatible symptoms had lower pre-infection NAb levels against Omicron than those who did not. Conclusions The third vaccine dose was effective in decreasing the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during the Omicron wave compared with the second dose. Among third–dose recipients, higher pre–infection NAb levels may not be associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. Contrarily, they may be associated with fewer symptoms of infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Yamamoto

Matsuda

Maeda

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(32). This could indicate that neutralising titres against the Omicron variant may not reliably predict at the individual level the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (6, 23, 33), conversely to that described for previous VOCs (34). Nevertheless, we could not conclude as to the value of neutralising antibodies as a CoP for Omicron BA.1 variant in the present study as we selected a subset of patients with high anti-RBD IgG levels for the analysis of neutralising antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Determinants of protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and Delta infections in fully vaccinated outpatients

Roy

Saade

Josset

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We aimed to evaluate the association between the humoral and cellular immune responses and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with Delta or Omicron BA.1 variants in fully vaccinated outpatients. Anti-RBD IgG levels and IFN-γ release were evaluated at PCR-diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in 636 samples from negative and positive patients during Delta and Omicron BA.1 periods. Median levels of anti-RBD IgG in positive patients were significantly lower than in negative patients for both variants (p < 0.05). The risk of Delta infection was inversely correlated with anti-RBD IgG titres (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.41; 0.95], p = 0.03) and it was lower in the hybrid immunity group compared to the homologous vaccination group (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.05; 0.62], p = 0.01). In contrast, neither the vaccination scheme nor anti-RBD IgG titers were associated with the risk of BA.1 infection in multivariable analysis. IFN-γ release post-SARS-CoV-2 peptide stimulation was not different between samples from patients infected (either with Delta or Omicron BA.1 variant) or not (p = 0.77). Our results show that high circulating levels of anti-RBD IgG and hybrid immunity were independently associated with a lower risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in outpatients with differences according to the infecting variant.

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“…An effect similar to “Wild sera” (Figure 3C), was observed in “Vaccine sera” (Figure 4C), as all vaccines used globally are based on the Wuhan‐Hu‐1 spike. Delta and Omicron strains have been shown to evade vaccine‐induced immunity and cause breakthrough infections 13,29–32 . In Delta breakthrough, a preferential boosting of ancestral (Wuhan‐Hu‐1) and homologous (Delta) immunity was seen but not to successor (Omicron) variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omicron infection increases IgG binding to spike protein of predecessor variants

Mahalingam

Periyasami

Arjunan

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in India in 2020-2022 was driven predominantly by Wild (Wuhan-Hu-1 and D614G), Delta, and Omicron variants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of infections on the humoral immune response and cross-reactivity to spike proteins of Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, C.1.2., and Omicron. Residual archival sera (N = 81) received between January 2020 and March 2022 were included. Infection status was inferred by a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and/or serology (anti-N and anti-S antibodies) and sequencing of contemporaneous samples (N = 18) to infer lineage. We estimated the levels and cross-reactivity of infection-induced sera including Wild, Delta, Omicron as well as vaccine breakthrough infections (Delta and Omicron). We found an approximately two-fold increase in spike-specific IgG antibody binding in post-Omicron infection compared with the pre-Omicron period, whilst the change in preand post-Delta infections were similar. Further investigation of Omicron-specific humoral responses revealed primary Omicron infection as an inducer of crossreactive antibodies against predecessor variants, in spite of the weaker degree of humoral response compared to Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta infection. Intriguingly, Omicron vaccine-breakthrough infections when compared with primary infections, exhibited increased humoral responses against RBD (7.7-fold) and Trimeric S (Trimeric form of spike protein) (34.6-fold) in addition to increased binding of IgGs towards previously circulating variants (4.2 -6.5-fold). Despite Delta breakthrough infections showing a higher level of humoral response against RBD (2.9-fold) and Trimeric S (5.7-fold) compared to primary Delta sera, a demonstrably reduced binding (36%-49%) was observed to Omicron spike protein. Omicron vaccine breakthrough infection results in increased intensity of humoral response and wider breadth of IgG binding to spike proteins of antigenically-distinct, predecessor variants.

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SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 variant breakthrough infections in nursing home residents after an homologous third dose of the Comirnaty® COVID‐19 vaccine: Looking for correlates of protection

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Determinants of protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and Delta infections in fully vaccinated outpatients

Omicron infection increases IgG binding to spike protein of predecessor variants

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