SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induced Immune Responses in Men with HIV-1 and Impact on Proviral Reservoirs

Tuttle, Dylan J.; Castanha, Priscila M. S.; Nasser, Amro; Wilkins, Maris S.; Alaoui-El-Azher, Mounia; Cuff, Deirdre E.; Chhibbar, Prabal; Das, Jishnu; Li, Yijia; Barratt‐Boyes, Simon M.; Mailliard, Robbie B.; Sluis-Cremer, Nicolas P.; Rinaldo, Charles R.; Marques, Ernesto T. A.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4417076

Cited by 2 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Our cohort-based analysis also found no evidence that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination induced changes in HIV reservoir size, nor in total, 5'-defective, or 3'-defective proviral loads. This is consistent with findings from of three studies that assessed smaller numbers of participants for this outcome using similar approaches [27,29,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Taken together with similar findings from other studies [27][28][29]31], we conclude that there is now a strong body of evidence indicating COVID-19 immunization is safe and effective in PWH [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. This should provide additional reassurance to PWH and their care providers regarding the safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The mass rollout of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines provided an opportunity to study the potential stimulatory effects of this new vaccine modality on the HIV reservoir. Though a number of studies have now investigated this topic [27][28][29]31], their results have not been entirely conclusive. While one study found evidence of a gradual, though not statistically significant increase in the rate of detectable viremia peaking 4 weeks after the second vaccine dose [27], two others reported no changes in viremia following two-dose vaccination [28,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While one study found evidence of a gradual, though not statistically significant increase in the rate of detectable viremia peaking 4 weeks after the second vaccine dose [27], two others reported no changes in viremia following two-dose vaccination [28,30]. Two studies reported reduced frequencies of detectable viremia after three-dose vaccination [28,29], though in one study this was likely attributable to increased time on ART, which was initiated around the study outset for many participants [28]. Ours is the first study to our knowledge to combine cohort-and population-level analyses of pVL trends during a mass COVID-19 mRNA vaccination campaign.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could theoretically occur via direct stimulation of reservoir cells that recognize the vaccine antigen, or through a generalized inflammatory response with cytokine production that could transiently promote HIV gene expression. Indeed, reports of increased HIV viremia in individuals receiving ART following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination have emerged [25][26][27], though other studies have observed no such effects [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size

Duncan,

Omondi,

Kinloch

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ObjectiveThe immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign.DesignLongitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis.Methods62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations. Vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibodies in serum were measured using the Roche Elecsys Anti-S assay. HIV reservoirs were quantified using the Intact Proviral DNA Assay; pVL were measured using the cobas 6800 (LLOQ:20 copies/mL). The province-wide analysis included all 290,401 pVL performed in British Columbia, Canada between 2012-2022.ResultsPre-vaccination, the median intact reservoir size was 77 (IQR:20-204) HIV copies/million CD4+ T-cells, compared to 74 (IQR:27-212) and 65 (IQR:22-174) post-first and -second dose, respectively (all comparisons p>0.07). Pre-vaccination, 82% of participants had pVL<20 copies/mL (max:110 copies/mL), compared to 79% post-first dose (max:183 copies/mL) and 85% post-second dose (max:79 copies/mL) (p>0.4). The magnitude of the vaccine-elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibody response did not correlate with changes in reservoir size nor detectable pVL frequency (p>0.6). We found no evidence linking the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign to population-level increases in detectable pVL frequency among all PWH in the province, nor among those who maintained pVL suppression on ART.ConclusionWe found no evidence that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induced changes in HIV reservoir size nor plasma viremia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size

Duncan,

Omondi,

Kinloch

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size

Duncan,

Omondi,

Kinloch

et al. 2024

Aids

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Objective: The immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign. Design: Longitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis. Methods: 62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations. Vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibodies in serum were measured using the Roche Elecsys Anti-S assay. HIV reservoirs were quantified using the Intact Proviral DNA Assay; pVL were measured using the cobas 6800 (LLOQ:20 copies/mL). The province-wide analysis included all 290,401 pVL performed in British Columbia, Canada between 2012-2022. Results: Pre-vaccination, the median intact reservoir size was 77 (IQR:20–204) HIV copies/million CD4+ T-cells, compared to 74 (IQR:27–212) and 65 (IQR:22–174) post-first and -second dose, respectively (all comparisons p>0.07). Pre-vaccination, 82% of participants had pVL<20 copies/mL (max:110 copies/mL), compared to 79% post-first dose (max:183 copies/mL) and 85% post-second dose (max:79 copies/mL) (p > 0.4). There was no evidence that the magnitude of the vaccine-elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike immune response influenced pVL nor changes in reservoir size (p > 0.6). We found no evidence linking the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign to population-level increases in detectable pVL frequency among all PWH in the province, nor among those who maintained pVL suppression on ART. Conclusion: We found no evidence that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induced changes in HIV reservoir size nor plasma viremia.

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induced Immune Responses in Men with HIV-1 and Impact on Proviral Reservoirs

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size

Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size

Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size

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