SARS-CoV-2 infections in mRNA vaccinated individuals are biased for viruses encoding spike E484K and associated with reduced infectious virus loads that correlate with respiratory antiviral IgG levels

Mostafa, Heba H.; Luo, Chun; Morris, C. Paul; Li, Maggie; Swanson, Nicholas J; Amadi, Adannaya; Gallagher, Nicholas; Pekosz, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105151

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Serology was performed with the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) following the package insert ( 27 ) on undiluted respiratory samples as described previously ( 25 , 28 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Point of Care (POC) Antigen Assays for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron

et al. 2022

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In the manuscript, we report an evaluation of the capability of 4 point of care (POC) antigen assays, the BD Veritor, Abbott BinaxNow, Orasure InteliSwab and Quidel QuickVue to detect the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, and we compared their analytical sensitivity for Omicron versus Delta. In this analysis we found that all four assays detected Omicron and Delta at 10 4 and 10 5 TCID50/mL, respectively.

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“…Serology was performed with the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) following the package insert ( 27 ) on undiluted respiratory samples as described previously ( 25 , 28 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Point of Care (POC) Antigen Assays for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron

et al. 2022

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“…We previously showed that the recovery of infectious virus on cell culture inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in respiratory specimens [ 3 , 10 , 24 ]. We also showed that Omicron was associated with the largest peak of reinfections in our system [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omicron Subvariants: Clinical, Laboratory, and Cell Culture Characterization

Morris

Eldesouki

Sachithanandham

et al. 2022

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background The variant of concern, Omicron, has become the sole circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant for the past several months. Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 evolved over the time, with BA.1 causing the largest wave of infections globally in December 2021- January 2022. In this study, we compare the clinical outcomes in patients infected with different Omicron subvariants and compare the relative viral loads, and recovery of infectious virus from upper respiratory specimens. Methods SARS-CoV-2 positive remnant clinical specimens, diagnosed at the Johns Hopkins Microbiology Laboratory between December 2021 and July 2022, were used for whole genome sequencing. The clinical outcomes of infections with Omicron subvariants were compared to infections with BA.1. Cycle threshold values (Ct) and the recovery of infectious virus on VeroTMPRSS2 cell line from clinical specimens were compared. Results The BA.1 was associated with the largest increase in SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate and COVID-19 related hospitalizations at the Johns Hopkins system. After a peak in January, cases fell in the spring, but the emergence of BA.2.12.1 followed by BA.5 in May 2022 led to an increase in case positivity and admissions. BA.1 infections had a lower mean Ct when compared to other Omicron subvariants. BA.5 samples had a greater likelihood of having infectious virus at Ct values less than 20. Conclusions Omicron subvariants continue to be associated with a relatively high rate of PCR positivity and hospital admissions. The BA.5 infections are more while BA.2 infections are less likely to have infectious virus, suggesting potential differences in infectibility during the Omicron waves.

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“…As noted above, pulmonary T RM cells generally do not persist long term and the immunity they confer may be relatively transient. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated individuals are characterized by asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic upper airway involvement with transient but high levels of viral replication in nasopharyngeal mucosa 123 . Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells have been found in a high proportion of convalescent individuals with COVID-19.…”

Section: Vaccines: Can They Efficiently Generate T Rm ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines

Rotrosen

Kupper

2023

Nat Rev Immunol

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Vaccines have been a hugely successful public health intervention, virtually eliminating many once common diseases of childhood. However, they have had less success in controlling endemic pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis , herpesviruses and HIV. A focus on vaccine-mediated generation of neutralizing antibodies, which has been a successful approach for some pathogens, has been complicated by the emergence of escape variants, which has been seen for pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well as for HIV-1. We discuss how vaccination strategies aimed at generating a broad and robust T cell response may offer superior protection against pathogens, particularly those that have been observed to mutate rapidly. In particular, we consider here how a focus on generating resident memory T cells may be uniquely effective for providing immunity to pathogens that typically infect (or become reactivated in) the skin, respiratory mucosa or other barrier tissues.

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SARS-CoV-2 infections in mRNA vaccinated individuals are biased for viruses encoding spike E484K and associated with reduced infectious virus loads that correlate with respiratory antiviral IgG levels

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of Four Point of Care (POC) Antigen Assays for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron

Evaluation of Four Point of Care (POC) Antigen Assays for the Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron

Omicron Subvariants: Clinical, Laboratory, and Cell Culture Characterization

Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines

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