SARS-CoV-2 infection induces protective immunity and limits transmission in Syrian hamsters

Selvaraj, Prabhuanand; Lien, Christopher Z.; Li, Shufeng; Stauft, Charles B.; Nuñez, Ivette A.; Hernández, Mario; Nimako, Eric; Ortega, Mario A; Starost, Matthew F.; Dennis, John U.; Wang, Tony T.

doi:10.26508/lsa.202000886

Cited by 48 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…In the Syrian hamster model, homologous challenge resulted in reduced virus shedding and reduced replication in the lungs [34,35]. In addition, homologous rechallenged hamsters were unable to transmit to naïve animals [35]. Our reinfection data confirm the prior observations and also show that heterologous reinfection with VOC B.1.351 results in limited replication in the lungs, absence of pathology and prevention of onwards transmission in a direct contact transmission model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The degree of protective immunity by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is currently unknown, but several reports suggest that reinfection does occasionally occur [31][32][33]. In the Syrian hamster model, homologous challenge resulted in reduced virus shedding and reduced replication in the lungs [34,35]. In addition, homologous rechallenged hamsters were unable to transmit to naïve animals [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prior aerosol infection with lineage A SARS-CoV-2 variant protects hamsters from disease, but not reinfection with B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Yinda

Port

Bushmaker

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs). It is currently unclear whether previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection with VOCs.Here, we show that low dose aerosol exposure to hCoV-19/human/USA/WA-CDC-WA1/2020 (WA1, lineage A), resulted in a productive mild infection. In contrast, low dose of SARS-CoV-2 via fomites did not result in productive infection in the majority of exposed hamsters and these animals remained nonseroconverted. After recovery, hamsters were re-exposed to hCoV-19/South African/KRISP-K005325/2020 (VOC B.1.351) via an intranasal challenge. Seroconverted rechallenged animals did not lose weight and shed virus for 3 days. They had little infectious virus and no pathology in the lungs. In contrast, shedding, weight loss and extensive pulmonary pathology caused by B.1.351 replication was observed in the non-seroconverted animals. The rechallenged seroconverted animals did not transmit virus to naïve sentinels via direct contact transmission, in contrast to the non-seroconverted animals. Reinfection with B.1.351 triggered an anamnestic response that boosted not only neutralizing titers against lineage A, but also titers against B.1.351. Our results confirm that aerosol exposure is a more efficient infection route than fomite exposure. Furthermore, initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 lineage A does not prevent heterologous reinfection with B.1.351 but prevents disease and onward transmission. These data suggest that previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure induces partial protective immunity. The reinfection generated a broadly neutralizing humoral response capable of effectively neutralizing B.1.351 while maintaining its ability to neutralize the virus to which the initial response was directed against.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior aerosol infection with lineage A SARS-CoV-2 variant protects hamsters from disease, but not reinfection with B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Yinda

Port

Bushmaker

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…The infection of other animal models with SARS-CoV-2, including of hamsters, ferrets, and non-human primates, results in mild clinical disease, with a lethal infection only observed in aged hamsters (Selvaraj et al, 2021). The infection of hamsters and ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 does not result in an IFN-b response (Bessie `re et al, 2021;Blanco-Melo et al, 2020;Hoagland et al, 2021), although ISG15 expression was observed after infection and remained elevated to 8 dpi, by which time the virus had already fully cleared (Hoagland et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Induction Of Ifn Pathways In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immune and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for COVID-19

Lowery

Sariol

Perlman

2021

Cell Host & Microbe

201

176

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COVID-19 can result in severe disease characterized by significant immunopathology that is spurred by an exuberant, yet dysregulated, innate immune response with a poor adaptive response. A limited and delayed interferon I (IFN-I) and IFN-III response results in exacerbated proinflammatory cytokine production and in extensive cellular infiltrates in the respiratory tract, resulting in lung pathology. The development of effective therapeutics for patients with severe COVID-19 depends on our understanding the pathological elements of this unbalanced innate immune response. Here, we review the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 both activates and antagonizes the IFN and inflammatory response following infection, how a dysregulated cytokine and cellular response contributes to immune-mediated pathology in COVID-19, and therapeutic strategies that target elements of the innate response.

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“…Prior exposure of hamsters to SARS-CoV-2 resulted in protection from re-infection, with significantly reduced virus replication in the upper respiratory tract [ 106 ]. Virus was not transmitted to naive contact animals, suggesting that natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 can prevent transmission.…”

Section: Experimental Sars-cov-2 Transmission Studies: Hamstersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Vries

Rockx

Haagmans

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Virology

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SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China as a zoonotic virus in December 2019. The virus proved to be human-to-human transmissible and its global spread resulted in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed and proved to be efficacious in preventing disease, but it remains to be determined if vaccines are able to interrupt transmission. Moreover, virus variants of concern continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and/or less sensitive to virus-specific immune responses. Here, we briefly review the role of animal models in assessing prophylactic and therapeutic options to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection induces protective immunity and limits transmission in Syrian hamsters

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Prior aerosol infection with lineage A SARS-CoV-2 variant protects hamsters from disease, but not reinfection with B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Prior aerosol infection with lineage A SARS-CoV-2 variant protects hamsters from disease, but not reinfection with B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Innate immune and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for COVID-19

Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

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