SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review

Rabaan, Ali A.; Smajlović, Samira; Tombuloğlu, Hüseyin; Ćordić, Sabahudin; Hajdarević, Azra; Kudić, Nudžejma; Mutai, Abbas Al; Turkistani, Safaa A.; Al-Ahmed, Shamsah H.; Al-Zaki, Nisreen A.; Marshood, Mona J. Al; Alfaraj, Amal H.; Alhumaid, Saad; Al-Suhaimi, Ebtesam A.

doi:10.17305/bjbms.2022.7762

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…As for POS, patients were instructed to expectorate saliva into a sterile container. No food or drink, mouthwash and brushing teeth within two hours before the specimen collection [9]. This study was approved by the institutional review board of the Hong Kong Adventist Hospital (HKAH2021001).…”

Section: Specimen Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause mild signs and symptoms but can also affect multiple organs simultaneously as organs and cells harboring ACE-2 receptors are the primary targets of SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have highlighted the effects of COVID-19 on multiple organs and systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, immune and integumentary systems [9]. To understand the epidemiology, infection risk, severity and viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 in children, a total of sixty-eight SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from infected pediatric patients in Hong Kong during the fifth wave of COVID-19 outbreak were analyzed by whole viral genome amplicon sequencing on Illumina platform, followed by phylogenetic and phylodynamic analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and whole viral genome sequencing analysis

Tsang

Yu²,

Yim³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Pediatric population was generally less affected clinically by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Few pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported compared to those reported in infected adults. However, a rapid increase in the hospitalization rate of SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients was observed during Omicron variant dominated COVID-19 outbreak. In this study, we analyzed the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) genome sequences collected from pediatric patients by whole viral genome amplicon sequencing using Illumina next generation sequencing platform, followed by phylogenetic analysis. The demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data of these pediatric patients are also reported in this study. Fever, cough, running nose, sore throat and vomiting were the more commonly reported symptoms in children infected by Omicron variant. A novel frameshift mutation was found in the ORF1b region (NSP12) of the genome of Omicron variant. Seven mutations were identified in the target regions of the WHO listed SARS-CoV-2 primers and probes. On protein level, eighty-three amino acid substitutions and fifteen amino acid deletions were identified. Our results indicate that asymptomatic infection and transmission among children infected by Omicron subvariants BA.2.2 and BA.2.10.1 are not common. Omicron may have different pathogenesis in pediatric population.

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Section: Specimen Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and whole viral genome sequencing analysis

Tsang

Yu²,

Yim³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mortality rate was higher among patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and chronic kidney disease than in other groups [ 4 , 5 ]. Although the SARS-CoV-2 enters the body via respiratory tracts, it spreads via circulation and can affect various systems (such as nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, and gastrointestinal systems), leaving long-term complications in most of them [ 6 ]. In addition to the mentioned risk factors, host genetic factors may affect the susceptibility to COVID-19 and the disease’s severity [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMPRSS2 polymorphism (rs12329760) and the severity of the COVID-19 in Iranian population

et al. 2023

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the recent pandemic since early 2020. Due to the wide range of clinical symptoms of this disease, from asymptomatic to severe and critical forms, it seems that genetic differences among patients, along with other factors (such as gender, age, and underlying diseases), can explain part of the variation in disease symptoms. The TMPRSS2 enzyme plays a vital role in the early stages of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with the host cells by facilitating viral entry. There is a polymorphism in the TMPRSS2 gene, called rs12329760(C to T) as a missense variant, which causes the replacement of valine to methionine in the TMPRSS2 protein at position 160. The present study investigated the association between the TMPRSS2 genotype and the severity of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iranian patients. The TMPRSS2 genotype of 251 COVID-19 patients (151 patients with asymptomatic to mild and 100 patients with severe to critical symptoms) was detected on genomic DNA extracted from patients’ peripheral blood via the ARMS-PCR method. Our results showed a significant association between the minor T allele and the severity of the COVID-19 (P-value = 0.043) under the dominant and additive inheritance model. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the T allele of the rs12329760 in the TMPRSS2 gene is a risk allele for severe form of COVID-19 in Iranian patients in contrast to most previous studies on this variant in European ancestry populations which suggested this variant as a protective allele. Our results reiterate to the ethnic-specific risk alleles and hidden unknown complexity behind the host genetic susceptibility. However, further studies are needed to address the complex mechanisms behind the interaction of the TMPRSS2 protein and the SARS-CoV-2 and the role of rs12329760 polymorphism in determining the disease severity.

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“…Through multiple infection pathways by binding different receptors, the infection can cause damage to different organs, leading to various consequences. These include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by lung damage, arrhythmia caused by cardiac damage, acute pancreatitis and diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal damage, hyperglycemia caused by pancreatic islet damage, and many long-term complications [ 12 ]. Although the majority of people with a normal immune system are able to defend against this viral infection, there are often complications accompanied by tissue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Relationship between Glycemic Control and COVID-19 and Perspectives of Islet Organoid Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2023

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Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to morbidity and mortality, with several clinical manifestations, and has caused a widespread pandemic. It has been found that type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. Moreover, accumulating evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase the risk of hyperglycemia and diabetes, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear because of a lack of authentic disease models to recapitulate the abnormalities involved in the development, regeneration, and function of human pancreatic islets under SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stem-cell-derived islet organoids have been valued as a model to study islets’ development and function, and thus provide a promising model for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the onset of diabetes under SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarized the latest results from clinical and basic research on SARS-CoV-2-induced pancreatic islet damage and impaired glycemic control. Furthermore, we discuss the potential and perspectives of using human ES/iPS cell-derived islet organoids to unravel the bidirectional relationship between glycemic control and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review

Cited by 25 publications

References 204 publications

The clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and whole viral genome sequencing analysis

The clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and whole viral genome sequencing analysis

TMPRSS2 polymorphism (rs12329760) and the severity of the COVID-19 in Iranian population

Bidirectional Relationship between Glycemic Control and COVID-19 and Perspectives of Islet Organoid Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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