SARS-CoV-2 Incidence in Secondary Schools; the Role of National and School-Initiated COVID-19 Measures and Indoor Air Quality

Jonker, Lotte; Linde, Kimberly J; Boer, Annemarijn R. de; Ding, Erica; Zhang, Dadi; Hoog, Marieke L A de; Herfst, Sander; Heederik, Dick; Fraaij, Pieter L. A.; Bluyssen, Philomena M.; Wouters, I.M.; Bruijning-Verhagen, Patricia

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4204882

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Selection Of Schools and Classrooms1

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2023

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“…Between October and December 2020, 20 secondary schools in different regions and cities of the Netherlands were enrolled on a voluntary basis, as reported in Ref. [45]. Among them, 11 schools which were visited both before and after the first lockdown (herein referred to as "the lockdown"), were included in this study (named from S1 to S11).…”

Section: Selection Of Schools and Classroomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and thermal conditions in secondary schools in the Netherlands: Effects of COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention measures

Ding

Zhang

Hamida

et al. 2023

Building and Environment

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Section: Selection Of Schools and Classroomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and thermal conditions in secondary schools in the Netherlands: Effects of COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention measures

Ding

Zhang

Hamida

et al. 2023

Building and Environment

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Numerical Study on the Impact of Large Air Purifiers, Physical Distancing, and Mask Wearing in Classrooms

et al. 2023

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The risk of COVID-19 infection from virulent aerosols is particularly high indoors. This is especially true for classrooms, which often do not have pre-installed ventilation and are occupied by a large number of students at the same time. It has been found that precautionary measures, such as the use of air purifiers (AP), physical distancing, and the wearing of masks, can reduce the risk of infection. To quantify the actual effect of precautions, it is not possible in experimental studies to expose subjects to virulent aerosols. Therefore, in this study, we develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the impact of applying the aforementioned precautions in classrooms on reducing aerosol concentration and potential exposure in the presence of index or infected patients. A CFD-coupled Wells–Riley model is used to quantify the infection probability (IP) in the presence of index patients. Different cases are simulated by varying the occupancy of the room (half/full), the volumetric flow rate of the AP, two different locations of the AP, and the effect of wearing masks. The results suggest that using an AP reduces the spread of virulent aerosols and thereby reduces the risk of infection. However, the risk of the person sitting adjacent to the index patient is only marginally reduced and can be avoided with the half capacity of the class (physical distancing method) or by wearing face masks of high efficiencies.

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SARS-CoV-2 Incidence in Secondary Schools; the Role of National and School-Initiated COVID-19 Measures and Indoor Air Quality

Cited by 2 publications

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Ventilation and thermal conditions in secondary schools in the Netherlands: Effects of COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention measures

Ventilation and thermal conditions in secondary schools in the Netherlands: Effects of COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention measures

Numerical Study on the Impact of Large Air Purifiers, Physical Distancing, and Mask Wearing in Classrooms

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