SARS-CoV-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities

Sewage analysis as a tool for the COVID-19 pandemic response and management: the urgent need for optimised protocols for SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification

“…More specifically, the majority of the available data focuses on a large range of surrogate viruses of bacteriophages and laboratory-cultured viruses such as Enterovirus, Adenovirus and human polyomavirus JC, with a large variety of removal exhibited, from 0.9 to 5.8 logs [ 41 ]. At the same time however, there is no confirmation that SARS-CoV-2 behaves in a different manner than other coronaviruses [ 42 ]. The impact of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the microbial community in the sewage sludge during CAS or MBR treatment is another issue that remains to be clarified, as any effects may lead to alterations of the microbial community that performs the biological degradation of contaminants in incoming wastewater.…”

Where do we stand to oversee the coronaviruses in aqueous and aerosol environment? Characteristics of transmission and possible curb strategies

“…The discovery of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV in feces, urine, and vomit has widely been reported [45] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] . Although there is currently no evidence of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, some studies supported the possibility of this transmission route, for example, the virus has been isolated from infected individuals’ feces [64] , [65] ; virus RNA was recovered from untreated wastewater and secondary-treated wastewater [30] , [31] , [33] , [37] , [38] ; and virus could highly be stable under certain conditions (at 20 °C in wastewater and tap water) [48] . It is also worth noting that saliva and various respiratory secretions from an infected individual may also be released into the collection system in wastewater [66] , [67] .…”

“…Recently, large numbers of investigations have reported that the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in raw sewage, secondary treated wastewater (normally biological wastewater treatment process being applied), and even the non-potable water used for urban irrigation ( Fig. 2 ) [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] . More importantly, the infectious virus has also been detected in feces and urine of patients [45] , [46] , [47] , which triggered the public’s high concern about fecal-oral transmission and/or wastewater transmission.…”

Deep learning-based forecasting model for COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia

“…In December 2019, Wuhan, Hubei province, China has been reported as the center of the COVID-19 outbreak ( Collivignarelli et al, 2020 ). Three months later, that outbreak was declared as a global pandemic by the world health organization ( Shi et al, 2020 ).…”