SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a persistent threat to the effectiveness of vaccines

Thiruvengadam, Ramachandran; Binayke, Akshay; Awasthi, Amit

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00697-6

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…1F ). As reported previously ( 14 ), we also observed a sharp decline in the NAb titers against the delta variant compared to the ancestral virus (p<0.0001, Fig. 1H).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Since several variants of SARS-CoV-2 arise one after the other ( 14, 18 ), we wanted to test if the T cell response elicited by day 14 in active COVID-19 patients caused by the ancestral virus could cross-react with the delta and omicron spike protein. We shortlisted the dominant CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes against the spike protein and found that 96% each of the dominant CD4 and CD8 epitopes are conserved against the delta spike, whereas 80% and 82% of CD4 and CD8 dominant epitopes, respectively, are conserved against the Omicron spike (Table S2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proinflammatory innate cytokines and metabolomic signatures shape the T cell response in active COVID-19

Binayke

Zaheer

Dandotiya

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The underlying factors contributing to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response during COVID-19 infection remain unidentified. To address this, we characterized innate and adaptive immune responses with metabolomic profiling longitudinally at three different time points (0-4, 7-9, and 14-16 days post-COVID-19 positivity) from young mildly symptomatic active COVID-19 patients who got infected with ancestral virus. We observed the induction of anti-RBD and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies together with antigen-specific T cell responses as early as 0-4 days post-infection. T cell responses were largely preserved against the delta and omicron variants as compared to the ancestral strain. We determined innate immune responses at an early (days 0-4 post-COVID-19 positivity) time point of active infection in response to TLR 3/7/8 mediated activation. Interestingly, the innate immune response exhibited by the elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 correlated with a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific Th1 response at the later time point (14-16 days post covid positivity). To further understand the association of metabolic pathways induced upon active COVID-19 infection with innate and T cell response, metabolomic profiling was performed. As compared to healthy individuals, COVID-19 patients displayed a distinct metabolic signature with an enrichment of pyroglutamate, itaconate, and azelaic acid, which correlated with the SARS-CoV-2-induced innate and T cells response. Our observations reveal mechanisms and potential interventional approaches that may assist in COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccine adjuvant strategies.

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“…1F ). As reported previously ( 14 ), we also observed a sharp decline in the NAb titers against the delta variant compared to the ancestral virus (p<0.0001, Fig. 1H).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory innate cytokines and metabolomic signatures shape the T cell response in active COVID-19

Binayke

Zaheer

Dandotiya

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“… 11 , 20 Omicron and Delta variants, both possessing higher transmissibility, posing threats on the efficacy of vaccines and causing breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals, may together bring a tsunami of COVID‐19 cases in the coming weeks, and then hospitalizations and death rates might also rise significantly. 22 , 27 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin combination of Omicron and Delta variants triggering a tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID‐19 cases: A challenging global threat with a special focus on the Indian subcontinent

Mohapatra¹,

Tiwari

Sarangi

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted into a very massive surge in COVID‐19 cases worldwide. Due to continuous emergence of multiple variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, the ongoing pandemic has caused severe morbidity and mortality in last two years. The rate of infectivity of Omicron variant is much higher than Delta variant and in a very quick time Omicron has displaced the Delta variant and now become a dominant variant across the globe. The twin combination of Omicron and Delta variant is triggering a Tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID‐19 cases worldwide. This article highlights the global threats and challenges posed by Omicron, and strategies to counter it with a particular focus on Indian sub‐continent.

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“…Currently, there are over 300 anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates under different stages of preclinical and clinical development [2], and 10 preparations are approved for use by the World Health Organization (WHO) [3]. During the post-approval period, research has shown that although those vaccines protect against severe disease, they do not provide long-term protection or limit the spread of the virus and are not fully effective against emerging new variants of SARS-CoV-2 [4][5][6]. Indeed, the highly transmissible delta variant causes asymptomatic infection and occasionally illnesses in vaccinated people, most likely due to increased growth potential and waning immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attacking the Intruder at the Gate: Prospects of Mucosal Anti SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Karczmarzyk

Kęsik-Brodacka

2022

Pathogens

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The sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in December 2019 caused crises and health emergencies worldwide. The rapid spread of the virus created an urgent need for the development of an effective vaccine and mass immunization to achieve herd immunity. Efforts of scientific teams at universities and pharmaceutical companies around the world allowed for the development of various types of preparations and made it possible to start the vaccination process. However, it appears that the developed vaccines are not effective enough and do not guarantee long-lasting immunity, especially for new variants of SARS-CoV-2. Considering this problem, it is promising to focus on developing a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mucosal vaccine. Such a preparation applied directly to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract might provide an immune barrier at the primary point of virus entry into the human body while inducing systemic immunity. A number of such preparations against SARS-CoV-2 are already in various phases of preclinical and clinical trials, and several of them are very close to being accepted for general use, constituting a milestone toward pandemic containment.

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SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a persistent threat to the effectiveness of vaccines

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Proinflammatory innate cytokines and metabolomic signatures shape the T cell response in active COVID-19

Proinflammatory innate cytokines and metabolomic signatures shape the T cell response in active COVID-19

Twin combination of Omicron and Delta variants triggering a tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID‐19 cases: A challenging global threat with a special focus on the Indian subcontinent

Attacking the Intruder at the Gate: Prospects of Mucosal Anti SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

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