SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease—Many Issues Need to Be Clarified—A Critical Review

Goerttler, Tsepo; Kwon, Eun-Hae; Fleischer, Michael; Stettner, Mark; Tönges, Lars; Klebe, Stephan

doi:10.3390/brainsci12040456

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Additionally, PWP reported worsening in mental health, quality of life, and physical inactivity during this pandemic 5 . These indirect effects of COVID-19 are more confirmed and may be more common and more harmful than the direct effects of viral infections 1,9,10 . The worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms has been attributed to stress, physical inactivity, pharmacodynamic effects, dramatic changes in routine, and social isolation 11,12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

Shalash

Helmy

Salama

et al. 2022

npj Parkinsons Dis.

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Further studies are required to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. This study investigated the motor and non-motor progression of people with PD (PWP) at 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that during the pre-pandemic period. Patients were recruited from Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, in the period between April 2019 and December 2020. Fifty patients were included, of whom 17 and 33 patients were followed for 6 months before and during the pandemic, respectively. All patients were assessed at baseline and at 6 months using the MDS-UPDRS, Schwab and England scale (S&E), Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Both groups were matched in age, gender, and disease characteristics. Patients followed during the pandemic showed more significant worsening of the total, part I and motor part of MDS-UPDRS, and balance scores (p < 0.001) than those followed during the pre-COVID-19 period. Gait (TUG), balance, and physical activity worsening were significantly correlated with baseline BDI, gait and balance scores, total and part I MDS-UPDRS scores, H&Y, and S&E OFF scores. Gait deterioration (TUG) was correlated with baseline physical activity (r = −0.510, p = 0.002). PWP showed worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic at the 6-month follow-up. Worsening of gait, balance, and physical activity was correlated with baseline motor and physical activity OFF scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

Shalash

Helmy

Salama

et al. 2022

npj Parkinsons Dis.

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“…A recent hypothesis proposes a mechanism of brain damage in two steps: (i) the penetration of an "unknown pathogen" into the brain through the olfactory system or gastrointestinal tract and (ii) the activation of glial cells by the pathogen with increased susceptibility of the brain to oxidative stress which accelerates the aging process of the brain and stimulates neurodegeneration. [5] Although the symptoms of Parkinson's disease do not frequently occur in patients with post-COVID syndrome, [6] data from the literature support the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Parkinson's disease. Goertler et al [6] analyzed the association between the onset of Parkinson's disease and COVID-19 in six patients with new motor symptoms of parkinsonism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] Although the symptoms of Parkinson's disease do not frequently occur in patients with post-COVID syndrome, [6] data from the literature support the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Parkinson's disease. Goertler et al [6] analyzed the association between the onset of Parkinson's disease and COVID-19 in six patients with new motor symptoms of parkinsonism. In five of the six patients, nuclear imaging proved impaired dopaminergic absorption in the basal ganglia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological complications in infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus: Parkinson’s disease and the impact on professional reintegration - case study

Popa

Luchian

Gurzu

et al. 2022

Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine

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Complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection have significantly impacted the affected people’s quality of life and professional activity. Neurological manifestations may be present from the onset of infection but also in the course of the disease. The most common neurological symptoms are headache, anosmia/hyposmia, ageusia/dysgeusia, and myalgia. The studies also mention severe complications such as stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, convulsions, and movement disorders, as the infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus is affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems. SARS-CoV-2 can worsen the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, increasing the mortality rate in patients with advanced disease. The potential risk of inducing Parkinson’s disease has also been suggested, with the virus penetrating the brain where it can trigger cellular processes involved in neurodegeneration. We present you with the case of a nurse in the medical field, without comorbidities, who developed Parkinson’s disease after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between the onset of Parkinson’s disease and viral infection may be possible, but the mechanisms by which it affects the nervous system and the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of these manifestations are still under study. The progression of the disease, functional status, and ability to work can have a negative impact on professional activity.

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“…Krey et al discuss whether a SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to neurodegeneration and PD [ 7 ]. Goerttler et al seek to clarify issues with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Parkinson’s disease in a critical review on the topic with a focus on post-COVID-19 syndrome [ 8 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Neurodegeneration

Tönges

Klebe

2022

Brain Sciences

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SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease—Many Issues Need to Be Clarified—A Critical Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

Neurological complications in infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus: Parkinson’s disease and the impact on professional reintegration - case study

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Neurodegeneration

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