SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and virus-laden aerosol size distributions in outdoor air in north and south of Italy

Chirizzi, Daniela; Conte, M.; Feltracco, Matteo; Dinoi, Adelaide; Gregoris, Elena; Barbaro, Elena; Bella, Gianfranco La; Ciccarese, Giuseppina; Salandra, Giovanna La; Gambaro, Andrea; Contini, Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106255

Cited by 89 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Some studies report the presence of the virus also in outdoor air, on air quality filters sampled in Northern Italy ( Setti et al, 2020 ): if one considers the highest overall analytic detectability at disposal, it corresponds to a SARS-CoV-2 concentration higher than, at least, 4 RNA copies/m 3 of air. Finally, Chirizzi et al (2020) report that outdoor air samples taken in northern and southern Italy tested negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, viral particles concentrations were <0.8 copies/m 3 in PM10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

SARS-CoV-2 and indoor/outdoor air samples: a methodological approach to have consistent and comparable results

Robotto

Quaglino

Lembo

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, large attention has been focused on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 diffusion and environment. As a matter of fact, clear evidence of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via respiratory aerosol would be of primary importance; at the same time, checking the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be extremely useful to control the diffusion of the disease. Up to now, many studies report SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in indoor/outdoor air samples or water/wastewater samples that can differ by order of magnitude. Unfortunately, complete information about the scientific approach of many studies is still missing, relating to: samplers and sampling materials performances, recovery tests, measurement uncertainty, robustness, detection and quantification limits, infectivity of captured virus, virus degradation during sampling, influence of sample pre-treatments (included freezing) on results, effects of inhibitors, sample alterations due to manipulation, validation of methods and processes, quality assurance according to ISO/IEC 17025 requirements. Based on the first experiences focused on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples such as air quality filters or impingers collection solutions, the present study describes a coherent preliminary approach to SARS-CoV-2 indoor and outdoor air sampling in order to overcome the evident lack of standardization. Three aspects are highlighted here: the first solution to assure quality and consistency to air sampling relies on the development of recovery tests using standard materials and investigating sampling materials, sampling techniques, sampling durations, sample conservation and pre-treatments; secondly, in order to overcome the shortcomings of every single sampling technique, coupling different samplers in parallel sampling could be an efficient strategy to collect more information and make data more reliable; finally, with regards to airborne virus sampling, the results could be confirmed by simplified emission and dilution models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

SARS-CoV-2 and indoor/outdoor air samples: a methodological approach to have consistent and comparable results

Robotto

Quaglino

Lembo

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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“…Outdoor air samples collected in northern Italy (in the city of Bergamo) during the COVID-19 outbreak were positive to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 23% of the measurement days, but no determination of concentration was provided ( Setti et al, 2020a ). Outdoor air samples simultaneously collected in Venice (northern Italy) and in Lecce (southern Italy) in May 2020 tested negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA ( Chirizzi et al, 2020 ). In indoor conditions, larger concentrations of virus-laden aerosols, compared to outdoor environments, were measured in some hospitals and quarantine areas ( Hu et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Santarpia et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in outdoor air and the interaction with pre-existing atmospheric particles

Belosi

Conte

Gianelle

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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“…The potential contribution of particulate matter to outdoor SARS-CoV-2 transmission was raised by a study where a quarter of the 34 PM 10 samples collected from outdoor air samplers in the Italian City of Bergamo had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA [81]. Another study collected particulate matter from Venice in northern Italy and Lecce, in the south, and found concentrations of virus-laden aerosol PM 10 samples below 0.8 copies/m 3 [82]. These low concentrations are unlikely to represent a major vector of transmission for SARS-CoV-2 in outdoor settings, at least at these levels of pollution and SARS-CoV-2 reported cases.…”

Section: Potential Contribution Of Particulate Matter To Airborne Sarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Determinants of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Brandt

Mersha

2021

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Purpose for Review Since the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in China in late 2019 turned into a global pandemic, numerous studies have reported associations between environmental factors, such as weather conditions and a range of air pollutants (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, etc.) and the first wave of COVID-19 cases. This review aims to offer a critical assessment of the role of environmental exposure risk factors on SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 disease severity. Recent Findings In this review, we provide a critical assessment of COVID-19 risk factors, identify gaps in our knowledge (e.g., indoor air pollution), and discuss methodological challenges of association and causation and the impact lockdowns had on air quality. In addition, we will draw attention to ethnic and socioeconomic factors driving viral transmission related to COVID-19. The complex role angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays in COVID-19 and future promising avenues of research are discussed. Summary To demonstrate causality, we stress the need for future epidemiologic studies integrating personal air pollution exposures, detailed clinical COVID-19 data, and a range of socioeconomic factors, as well as in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies.

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SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and virus-laden aerosol size distributions in outdoor air in north and south of Italy

Cited by 89 publications

References 36 publications

SARS-CoV-2 and indoor/outdoor air samples: a methodological approach to have consistent and comparable results

SARS-CoV-2 and indoor/outdoor air samples: a methodological approach to have consistent and comparable results

On the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in outdoor air and the interaction with pre-existing atmospheric particles

Environmental Determinants of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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