SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections after introduction of 4 COVID-19 Vaccines, South Korea, 2021

Yi, Seonju; Choe, Young June; Kim, Jia; Kim, Yoo-Yeon; Kim, Ryu Kyung; Jang, Eun Jung; Lim, Dosang; Byeon, Hye Ryeon; Lee, Sang‐Won; Park, Eonjoo; Kim, Seung-Jin; Park, Young-Joon

doi:10.3201/eid2803.212210

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The age at which individuals are more likely to develop a breakthrough infection is controversial, many studies reported higher rates of breakthrough among elderly hospitalized patients [ 8 , 17 , 18 ]. However, in accordance with our results, others concluded that young people are more liable to breakthrough infections [ 12 , 19 ]. It was suggested that the controversy between studies could be related to the type of vaccine used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical features and severe outcome predictors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection among hospitalized patients: results from Egypt severe acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance, 2021–2022

et al. 2023

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Background COVID-19 vaccines are effective against infections and outcomes; however, breakthrough infections (VBT) are increasingly reported, possibly due to waning of vaccine-induced immunity or emerging variants. Most studies have focused on determining VBT rate based on antibody levels. This study aims at describing clinical features, risks, time trends, and outcomes of COVID-19 VBT among hospitalized patients in Egypt. Methods Data of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients hospitalized in 16 hospitals was obtained from the severe acute respiratory infections surveillance database, September 2021-April 2022. Data includes patients’ demographics, clinical picture, and outcomes. Descriptive analysis was performed and patients with VBT were compared to not fully vaccinated (UPV). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Epi Info7 with a significance level < 0.05 to identify VBT risk factors. Results Overall, 1,297 patients enrolled, their mean age 56.7 ± 17.0 years, 41.5% were males, 64.7% received inactivated, 25.% viral vector, and 7.7% mRNA vaccine. VBT was identified in 156(12.0%) patients with an increasing trend over time. VBT significantly was higher in (16–35 years) age, males, in those who received inactivated vaccine compared to corresponding groups of UPV (14.1 vs. 9.0%, p < 0.05 and 57.1 vs. 39.4%, p < 0.001 and 64.7 vs. 45.1, p < 0.01 respectively). Whereas receiving mRNA vaccine was significantly protective against VBT (7.7 vs. 21.6%, p < 001). VBT patients tend to have shorter hospital stays and lower case fatality (mean hospital days = 6.6 ± 5.5 vs. 7.9 ± 5.9, p < 0.01 and CFR = 28.2 vs. 33.1, p < 0.01 respectively). MVA identified younger ages, male gender, and inactivated vaccines as risks for VBT. Conclusion The study indicated that COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduce hospital days and fatality. VBT trend is on the rise and males, young ages, and inactivated vaccine receivers are at higher risk. Caution regarding relaxation of personal preventive measures in areas with higher or increasing incidences of COVID-19, particularly for the at-risk group even if they are vaccinated. The vaccination strategy should be revised to reduce VBT rate and increase vaccine effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical features and severe outcome predictors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection among hospitalized patients: results from Egypt severe acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance, 2021–2022

et al. 2023

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“…Understanding the effectiveness of vaccines and the factors influencing breakthrough infections is key for informed decision-making and implementation of plans to control the epidemic and protect public health, especially during the upcoming waves of infection and for similar future events. Consistent with previous studies, our findings revealed variations in the effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccine types against COVID-19 breakthrough infections, with the Pfizer (mRNA-based) vaccine outperforming the ASZ (DNA-based) vaccine [18] . Because different vaccine development platforms are based on triggering the immune response to produce neutralizing antibodies in different ways, the immune response is assumed to be different for each vaccine [19] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: A retrospective cohort study of vaccinated individuals in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Elamin,

Maslamani,

Muaddi

et al. 2023

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…Third, the prospects for economic and social losses due to the COVID-19 mutant virus and breakthrough infection are dim [ 33 , 34 ]. In addition to the present study, policy support for further research is needed to identify COVID-19 patients with a high risk of belonging to the clinical severity group at the earliest to prepare measures for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and manage medical resources efficiently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Association between Underlying Diseases and the Severity and Mortality Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Analysis of Clinical Epidemiological Information Collected by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency

Kim

Chung

2022

Healthcare

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This study is a retrospective observational cohort analysis aiming to explore the relationship between underlying disease and the severity and mortality rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by sex. As sample subjects, 5077 confirmed COVID-19 patients were selected. The dependent variable was each patient’s clinical severity, dichotomized into two groups: clinical non-severity group and clinical severity group (including death group). Eleven underlying diseases were considered variables of interest, and each was dichotomized. Binary multivariate logistic regression model analyses were performed. Our results showed that the proportion of male patients (7.1%) in the clinical severity group was significantly higher than that of female patients (4.5%) and that the risk of being in the clinical severity group was higher in patients with specific underlying diseases. The underlying diseases varied: in males, rheumatism and autoimmune (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60–27.98), dementia (aOR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.14–7.82), cancer (aOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.27–5.69), and diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.18–2.77); in females, chronic kidney disease (aOR = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.87–13.86), dementia (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.18–5.23), diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.15–3.02), and hypertension (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.08–2.78). This study identified certain underlying diseases related to the high risk of being in clinically severe conditions and found that they differ between sexes. Prevention and treatment measure should be developed to reduce severity or mortality in confirmed COVID-19, based on underlying diseases and sex. However, further in-depth research is required to explore whether the findings and suggestions of this study can be generalized to other countries.

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SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections after introduction of 4 COVID-19 Vaccines, South Korea, 2021

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical features and severe outcome predictors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection among hospitalized patients: results from Egypt severe acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance, 2021–2022

Clinical features and severe outcome predictors of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection among hospitalized patients: results from Egypt severe acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance, 2021–2022

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: A retrospective cohort study of vaccinated individuals in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Sex-Specific Association between Underlying Diseases and the Severity and Mortality Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Analysis of Clinical Epidemiological Information Collected by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency

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