SARS-CoV-2-Associated CRP, DD, FER, HBA1c, IL6, LDH, PBNP, and PCT Biomarkers and High-Resolution Computed Tomography During the First Three Waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan (2019-2021)

Saeed, Umar; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Uppal, Rizwan; Uppal, Rehan

doi:10.5812/jjm.119590

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…To cope up the targets of sustainable development goals of hepatitis elimination by 2030, accurate HCV diagnosis among general population and scale-up of point-of-care testing are essentially required. Identification of potential biomarkers and associated molecular pathways, can be critical for management of viral infections in time and might prevent viral spread (GBD 2019 Hepatitis B Collaborators, 2022;Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators, 2022;Safi et al, 2012;Piracha et al, 2018Piracha et al, , 2020GBD 2019Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators, 2022Global Burden of Disease 2019Cancer Collaboration, 2022Saeed et al, 2022aSaeed et al, , b, c, 2023. In Pakistan, the prevalence of HCV varies with respect to risk factors and type of population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus associated ALT, AST, GGT, Bili T, HB, HBA1C, CREAT, PT, aPPT, AFP, CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, iPTH biomarkers, computed tomography and HCV burden of disease during pre COVID-19 era (2018-2019) and post COVID-19 era (2020-2022) in Pakistan

Saeed

Uppal²,

Uppal³

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Biol.

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The national burden of HCV has significantly mounted over the period of last few decades placing Pakistan at the worst placement of second largest burden of HCV globally. Herein for the first time from Pakistan, we examined clinical correlation of potential biomarkers with HCV. Nation-wide study was conducted on 13,348 suspected HCV patients during 2018-2022. During pre-COVID-19 era of 2018-2019, prevalence of HCV remained 30%. During 2018, among HCV positive patients, 91% of ALT, 63% of AST, 67% of GGT, 28% of Bili T, 62% of HB, 15% of HBA1C, 25% of CREAT, 15% of PT, 15% of aPTT and 64% of AFP were abnormal. During 2019, among HCV infected 74.47% of ALT, 63.54% of AST, 70.24% of GGT, 24.71% of Bili T, 8.77% of HB and 75% of AFP were raised. CT/CAT scan revealed 4.65% liver complications (mild 13.04%, moderate 30.43% and severe 56.52%). During 2020, HCV prevalence remained 25%. 65.17% of ALT, 64.20% of AST, 68.75% of GGT, 31.25% of Bili T, 20.97% of HB, 4.65% of CREAT and 73.68% of AFP levels were raised. CAT analysis revealed liver complications among 4.41% (14.81% mild, 40.74% moderate, and 44.44% sever). 85.71% of participants diabetes was out of control. During 2021, HCV prevalence remained 27.1%. ALT (73.86%), AST (50.6%), GGT (67.95%), Bili T (28.21%), HB (20%), CREAT (5.8%) and AFP (82.14%) levels were abnormal. During 2022, the levels of ALT (56.06%), AST (56.36%), GGT (56.6%), Bili T (19.23%), HB (43.48%), HBA1C (14.81), CREAT (18.92%), AFP (93.75%) were abnormal. CAT analysis revealed 7.46% liver complications (25% mild, 30.36% moderate, and 42.86% sever). During 2021-2022, 83.33% of subject’s diabetes was not controlled.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus associated ALT, AST, GGT, Bili T, HB, HBA1C, CREAT, PT, aPPT, AFP, CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, iPTH biomarkers, computed tomography and HCV burden of disease during pre COVID-19 era (2018-2019) and post COVID-19 era (2020-2022) in Pakistan

Saeed

Uppal²,

Uppal³

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Biol.

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“…Sinopharm or Sino-Vac vaccines are based on inactivated viral technologies and are relatively less effective than viral vector or mRNA vaccines against . Previously, we evaluated several biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and examined associated high-resolution computed tomography in those patients during the first three waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan (24,25). Herein, confirmed SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR negative volunteers of Pakistani origin were pre-selected for the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced Sputnik-V Induced Spike Protein Antibody Levels in Pakistan: An Edge of Sputnik-V Over Sinopharm and SinoVac as Commercially Available COVID-19 Vaccines

Saeed¹,

Uppal²,

Khan³

et al. 2022

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Despite several challenges, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still not over. Rapid mass-scale immunization is critical to prevent further COVID-19-associated deaths. Objectives: Herein, we aimed to evaluate the rapid ramp-up effects of spike antibodies in response to Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and SinoVac first dose administration in the general public of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2000 participants to examine Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and SinoVac first dose effects 21 days post-administration. From 1200 real-time PCR negative subjects, the samples were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (Elecsys, # 09289267190 Roche, USA). Results: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein positivity was detected highest at 87% among participants receiving SputnikV with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies > 1.5 AU/mL compared to 47.6% and 25% in individuals receiving Sinopharm and SinoVac, respectively. Also, 36.04% of the Sputnik-administered individuals depicted antibody levels > 250 AU/mL. Of the participants, 55% had a previous history of COVID-19. Also, 14.86%, 4.76%, and 0% of the SputnikV, Sinopharm, and SinoVac administered subjects showed antibodies > 100 AU/mL, respectively, while > 25 AU/mL antibodies were found in 10.70% of SputnikV, 19.04% of Sinopharm and 10.71% of SinoVac administered individuals. Moreover, > 1.5 - 2.5 AU/mL antibodies levels were found in 25.10%, 23.80%, and 14.28% of participants with SputnikV, Sinopharm, and SinoVac administered vaccines, respectively. The antibody titers of < 1.5 AU/mL were detected among 13.30%, 52.38%, and 46.42% of subjects administered with SputnikV, Sinopharm, and SinoVac vaccines, respectively. Conclusions: Even before administrating the second booster dose of SputnikV, a significantly higher number of patients depicted rapid ramp-up of SARS-CoV-2 specific spike antibodies, which can significantly contribute to rapid mass-immunization. Despite all challenges, persistent antibody plateau monitoring is critical to attaining humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections.

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“…1 Unfortunately, the COVID-19 epidemic is not over yet, new variants are emerging, and deaths from COVID-19 continue despite vaccination with newly developed vaccines. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of social movements on COVID-19 case increases and death in Turkey

Gun¹,

Hanci²

2023

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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SARS-CoV-2-Associated CRP, DD, FER, HBA1c, IL6, LDH, PBNP, and PCT Biomarkers and High-Resolution Computed Tomography During the First Three Waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan (2019-2021)

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Hepatitis C virus associated ALT, AST, GGT, Bili T, HB, HBA1C, CREAT, PT, aPPT, AFP, CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, iPTH biomarkers, computed tomography and HCV burden of disease during pre COVID-19 era (2018-2019) and post COVID-19 era (2020-2022) in Pakistan

Hepatitis C virus associated ALT, AST, GGT, Bili T, HB, HBA1C, CREAT, PT, aPPT, AFP, CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, iPTH biomarkers, computed tomography and HCV burden of disease during pre COVID-19 era (2018-2019) and post COVID-19 era (2020-2022) in Pakistan

Reinforced Sputnik-V Induced Spike Protein Antibody Levels in Pakistan: An Edge of Sputnik-V Over Sinopharm and SinoVac as Commercially Available COVID-19 Vaccines

The effect of social movements on COVID-19 case increases and death in Turkey

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