SARS-CoV-2 and self-medication in Cameroon: a mathematical model

Kong, Jude Dzevela; Tchuendom, Rinel Foguen; Adeleye, Samuel A; David, Jummy Funke; Admasu, Fikreab Solomon; Bakare, Emmanuel A.; Siewe, Nourridine

doi:10.1080/17513758.2021.1883130

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Self-medication is a serious problem among the resource limited countries of Africa, which have to tackle multiple challenges with an underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure. The use of medicines and complementary treatment options, including traditional medicine, to treat ailments has been reported widely (8,9). Self-medication can reduce healthcare expenditures and provide easy access to medicine.…”

Section: Self-medication In Africa Before Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the management of COVID-19, the majority of Africans are self-prescribing and consuming medicines. Social media is a major source of information, followed largely by the population and resulting in a higher rate of self-medication ( 8 ). It was found in Lomé during the COVID-19 pandemic that one-third of the high-risk populations were practicing self-medication ( 17 ).…”

Section: How It Turned Worse In the Covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is a contributing factor to the wrong actions, Mass media should be used to target general public awareness and education campaigns created about the safe usage of medicines and potential risks associated with their improper use ( 34 ). It can help correct them by worldwide awareness campaigns that spread accurate information about drug usage, dose, duration, and strongly advise against drug stocking in time of need of all the available resources ( 8 ).…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Medication in Africa during COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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Self-medication is known as “the usage of drugs, herbs or home remedies on one’s own initiative, or on the advice of another person, without consulting a doctor’. In Africa, self-medication has reached a critical stage, with people using and taking any drug regardless of how poisonous the material may be as long as unprofessional suggestions advocate it as a solution to their health problem. In this article, we looked at the consequences, effects, and recommendations for reducing the use of self-medication as a habit among Africans.

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Section: Self-medication In Africa Before Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How It Turned Worse In the Covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Medication in Africa during COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…2006 ; Kim et al. 2020 , 2017 ). Furthermore, the models can be used investigate the effect of different health policies on these epidemics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative analysis of a mathematical model with presymptomatic individuals and two SARS-CoV-2 variants

González-Parra

Arenas

2021

Comp. Appl. Math.

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The SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread across the world. During this COVID-19 pandemic, several variants of the SARS-CoV-2 have been found. Some of these new variants like the VOC-202012/01 of lineage B.1.1.7 or the most recently B.1.617 emerging in India have a higher infectiousness than those previously prevalent. We propose a mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations to investigate potential consequences of the appearance of a new more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 strain in a given region. The proposed mathematical model incorporates the presymptomatic and asymptomatic subpopulations in addition to the more usual susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered subpopulations. This is important from a realistic point of view since it has been found recently that presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are relevant spreaders of the SARS-CoV-2. Using the next-generation matrix method, we find the basic reproduction number, , an important threshold parameter that provides insight regarding the evolution and outcome of a certain instance of the COVID-19 pandemic. The local and global stability of system equilibria are also presented. In particular, for the global stability we construct a Lyapunov functional and use the LaSalle invariant principle to prove that if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. On the other hand, if the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, we present numerical simulations to numerically support the analytic results and to show the impact of the introduction of a new more contagious SARS-CoV-2 variant in a population.

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“…Thus, mathematical models are helpful for gaining knowledge and providing scientific support to decide which are the most suitable public health policies. A variety of mathematical models have been developed to study and aid in the control of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population and predicting hospitalizations [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. The proposed models vary in different ways, including assumptions, methodology, techniques and approaches [50,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Dynamics of the Introduction of a New SARS-CoV-2 Variant with Different Infectiousness

González-Parra

Arenas

2021

Mathematics

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Several variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been detected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these new variants have been of health public concern due to their higher infectiousness. We propose a theoretical mathematical model based on differential equations to study the effect of introducing a new, more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant in a population. The mathematical model is formulated in such a way that it takes into account the higher transmission rate of the new SARS-CoV-2 strain and the subpopulation of asymptomatic carriers. We find the basic reproduction number R0 using the method of the next generation matrix. This threshold parameter is crucial since it indicates what parameters play an important role in the outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the local stability of the infection-free and endemic equilibrium states, which are potential outcomes of a pandemic. Moreover, by using a suitable Lyapunov functional and the LaSalle invariant principle, it is proved that if the basic reproduction number is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Our study shows that the new more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant will prevail and the prevalence of the preexistent variant would decrease and eventually disappear. We perform numerical simulations to support the analytic results and to show some effects of a new more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant in a population.

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SARS-CoV-2 and self-medication in Cameroon: a mathematical model

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Self-Medication in Africa during COVID-19 Pandemic

Self-Medication in Africa during COVID-19 Pandemic

Qualitative analysis of a mathematical model with presymptomatic individuals and two SARS-CoV-2 variants

Nonlinear Dynamics of the Introduction of a New SARS-CoV-2 Variant with Different Infectiousness

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