SARS‑CoV‑2 and Seizure: An Insight Into the Pathophysiology

Abbas, Ahadiat, Seyed Amir; Hosseinian, Zeinab

doi:10.5812/aapm-134129

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In vivo studies have shown that metformin disrupts the interaction between host and viral proteins necessary for viral replication, virion assembly, and pathogenesis (14). It also exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces insulin resistance (15,16). In SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus binding to the ACE2 receptor and subsequent decrease in ACE2 availability leads to hyper-activation of the angiotensin II/AT1R axis and activation of NF-κB, which mediates inflammatory processes and production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-1β) (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin-Insulin Combination Therapy Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in a COVID-19 Type-1 Diabetic Child with Insulin Resistance: A Case Report

Tajdini,

Akhlaghi Aski

2024

J Microbiota

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Introduction: Recent studies have indicated that COVID-19 may be linked with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children. It has been observed that not only is there a potential risk of new-onset pediatric T1DM associated with COVID-19, but numerous cases also present with insulin resistance, necessitating prompt management. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with a history of T1DM who was admitted with hyperglycemia (blood sugar > 750 mg/dL) and subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. The co-administration of metformin and intravenous insulin successfully resolved subcutaneous insulin resistance, allowing the patient to be discharged in good health. Conclusions: Insulin resistance is a recognized complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and metformin combined with intravenous insulin has proven effective in managing hyperglycemia and improving insulin resistance in this context. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop optimal therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin-Insulin Combination Therapy Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in a COVID-19 Type-1 Diabetic Child with Insulin Resistance: A Case Report

Tajdini,

Akhlaghi Aski

2024

J Microbiota

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“…CNS viral infection is a significant contributor to the development of seizures and epilepsy [ 16 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 39 , 40 , 213 ]. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, non-polio picornaviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus (WNV), HHV-6, and SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) can cause encephalitis in humans.…”

Section: Tmev Infection In a Mouse Model Of Viral-induced Seizures An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Microglia and Brain-Infiltrating Macrophages to the Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases during TMEV Infection of the Central Nervous System

DePaula-Silva

2024

Viruses

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The infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with neurotropic viruses induces neuroinflammation and is associated with the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. The activation of the innate and adaptive immune response, including microglial, macrophages, and T and B cells, while required for efficient viral control within the CNS, is also associated with neuropathology. Under healthy conditions, resident microglia play a pivotal role in maintaining CNS homeostasis. However, during pathological events, such as CNS viral infection, microglia become reactive, and immune cells from the periphery infiltrate into the brain, disrupting CNS homeostasis and contributing to disease development. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a neurotropic picornavirus, is used in two distinct mouse models: TMEV-induced demyelination disease (TMEV-IDD) and TMEV-induced seizures, representing mouse models of multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, respectively. These murine models have contributed substantially to our understanding of the pathophysiology of MS and seizures/epilepsy following viral infection, serving as critical tools for identifying pharmacological targetable pathways to modulate disease development. This review aims to discuss the host–pathogen interaction during a neurotropic picornavirus infection and to shed light on our current understanding of the multifaceted roles played by microglia and macrophages in the context of these two complexes viral-induced disease.

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“…Prevalence of epilepsy in the world at 2019 was 70 million patients, 1 however there are few reports about Covid-19 induced hypoxia and seizures without encephalitis. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Epileptic attack due to hypoxia in adults is an uncommon condition. Seizures due to hypoxia, known as hypoxic convulsions, develop due to hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][7][8] HIE is caused by a deficiency of appropriate oxygen supply to the cerebrum. 1,[5][6][7][8][9] The condition is well known during birth or shortly after the delivery in newborns and children. Seizures are the result of severe electrical activity in the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxic convulsions induced by adult respiratory distress syndrome in Covid-19 patient

Charach,

Maor,

Galin

et al. 2024

JCCR

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Covid 19 is one of the major infections that primarily attacks the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms at onset of COVID-19 illness are temperature, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and diarrhea. In severe cases, patients may develop severe pneumonia - often billateral, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure including perimyocarditis. Hypoxic convulsions is a rare finding, however it is associated with very dangerous disease and poor prognosis. This current report presents severe Covid-19 patient with ARDS and severe hypoxia accompanied with hypoxic seizures after exclusion of meningoencephalitis and other possible etiologies for epileptic attack.

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SARS‑CoV‑2 and Seizure: An Insight Into the Pathophysiology

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Metformin-Insulin Combination Therapy Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in a COVID-19 Type-1 Diabetic Child with Insulin Resistance: A Case Report

Metformin-Insulin Combination Therapy Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in a COVID-19 Type-1 Diabetic Child with Insulin Resistance: A Case Report

The Contribution of Microglia and Brain-Infiltrating Macrophages to the Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases during TMEV Infection of the Central Nervous System

Hypoxic convulsions induced by adult respiratory distress syndrome in Covid-19 patient

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