SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfections in Ferrets

Huang, Ying; Skarlupka, Amanda L.; Jang, Hyesun; Blás-Machado, Uriel; Holladay, Nathan; Hogan, Robert J.; Ross, Ted M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01791-21

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Yet, only a moderate inflammation in the nasal turbinates was observed, and no histopathology alterations were found in the lower respiratory tract. We assume, however, that the absence of pathology in the present study is due to the low level of productive infection when using the beta VOC, since effective SARS-CoV-2 viral replication frequently resulted in pathology manifestation in ferrets in other studies [19, 22, 23, 29, 30, 41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…It has been shown that co-infection between influenza and SARS-CoV-2 results in more severe disease in animal models through enhanced lung damage [16, 17, 19, 42]. This simultaneous infection was also reported in human patients [10, 11, 43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…So far, co-infection studies with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) in hamster and K18-ACE2 mouse models indicate more severe pneumonia [15–17] and confirm the initial findings in humans [18]. Ferrets co- infected with SARS-CoV-2 and IAV developed increased weight loss and enhanced inflammation in the nasal cavity and lungs [19]. In transgenic hACE2 mice, more severe lung damage upon a sequential infection with H1N1 with a brief time interval (7 dpi) and during the convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection phase (14 dpi) [20] was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influenza infection in ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 infection history

Melo

Peters

Dijken

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic drastically reduced human-to-human interactions, decreasing the circulation of other respiratory viruses as well. As a consequence, influenza virus circulation – normally responsible for 3-5 million hospitalizations per year globally – was significantly reduced. With downscaling the NPI countermeasures, there is a concern for increased influenza disease, particularly in individuals suffering from post-acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To investigate this possibility, we performed a sequential influenza H1N1 infection 4 weeks after an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection in the ferret model. Upon H1N1 infection, ferrets that were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed an increased tendency to develop clinical symptoms compared to the control H1N1 infected animals. Histopathological analysis indicated only a slight increase for type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and bronchitis. The effects of the sequential infection thus appeared minor. However, ferrets were infected with B.1.351-SARS-CoV-2, the beta variant of concern, which replicated poorly in our model. The histopathology of the respiratory organs was mostly resolved 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with only reminiscent histopathological features in the upper respiratory tract. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral responses were observed, confirming an established infection. Thus, there may likely be a SARS-CoV-2 variant-dependent effect on the severity of disease upon a sequential influenza infection as we observed mild effects upon a mild infection. It, however, remains to be determined what the impact is of more virulent SARS-CoV-2 variants.ImportanceDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks, social distancing and isolation were not only effective in decreasing the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, but also in reducing other respiratory viruses such as influenza. With less restrictions, influenza is slowly returning. In the meantime, people still suffering from long-COVID, could be more vulnerable to an influenza virus infection and develop more severe influenza disease. This study provides directions to the effect of a previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure on influenza disease severity in the ferret model. This model is highly valuable to test sequential infections under controlled settings for translation to humans. We could not induce clear long-term COVID-19 effects as SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets was mild. However, we still observed a slight increase in influenza disease severity compared to ferrets that had not encountered SARS-CoV-2 before. It may therefore be advisable to include long-COVID patients as a risk group for influenza vaccination.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influenza infection in ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 infection history

Melo

Peters

Dijken

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, an H3N2 strain of IAV was inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in the hamster model ( 26 ). Additional studies in hACE2-transgenic mice and ferrets observed enhanced disease upon SARS-CoV2 and influenza virus coinfection ( 27 – 31 ). We have shown that when RV was given two days after IAV infection, mice succumbed to the infection faster than when given IAV alone ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Priming With Rhinovirus Protects Mice Against a Lethal Pulmonary Coronavirus Infection

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhinoviruses (RV) have been shown to inhibit subsequent infection by heterologous respiratory viruses, including influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To better understand the mechanisms whereby RV protects against pulmonary coronavirus infection, we used a native murine virus, mouse hepatitis virus strain 1 (MHV-1), that causes severe disease in the lungs of infected mice. We found that priming of the respiratory tract with RV completely prevented mortality and reduced morbidity of a lethal MHV-1 infection. Replication of MHV-1 was reduced in RV-primed mouse lungs although expression of antiviral type I interferon, IFN-β, was more robust in mice infected with MHV-1 alone. We further showed that signaling through the type I interferon receptor was required for survival of mice given a non-lethal dose of MHV-1. RV-primed mice had reduced pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage and influx of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, in the airways upon MHV-1 infection. Although MHV-1 replication was reduced in RV-primed mice, RV did not inhibit MHV-1 replication in coinfected lung epithelial cells in vitro. In summary, RV-mediated priming in the respiratory tract reduces viral replication, inflammation, and tissue damage, and prevents mortality of a pulmonary coronavirus infection in mice. These results contribute to our understanding of how distinct respiratory viruses interact with the host to affect disease pathogenesis, which is a critical step in understanding how respiratory viral coinfections impact human health.

show abstract

“…Additionally, curcumin treatment supports total white blood cell counts and increases the levels of antioxidant indicators, circulating levels of antibodies to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleens of mice ( Antony et al, 1999 ; Shakeri et al, 2017 ; Afolayan et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, it also enhances the phagocytic action of macrophages in various animal models including mouse ( Wang et al, 2016 ; Sohn et al, 2021 ), ferret ( Huang et al, 2021 ) and hamster ( Lee et al, 2022 ; Seldeslachts et al, 2022 ). As mentioned before, curcumin is a polyphenolic compound, and the activity associated with its polyphenolic chemical structure varies depending on its concentration as well as the cell types and their status (sometimes it can act as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, sometimes it can increase ROS production and cause apoptosis, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Prospects of Curcuminoids for the Remedy of COVID-19: Truth or Myth

Fu¹,

Kang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a positive-strand RNA virus, and has rapidly spread worldwide as a pandemic. The vaccines, repurposed drugs, and specific treatments have led to a surge of novel therapies and guidelines nowadays; however, the epidemic of COVID-19 is not yet fully combated and is still in a vital crisis. In repositioning drugs, natural products are gaining attention because of the large therapeutic window and potent antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Of note, the predominant curcumoid extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) including phenolic curcumin influences multiple signaling pathways and has demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, wound healing, chemopreventive, chemosensitizing, and radiosensitizing spectrums. In this review, all pieces of current information related to curcumin-used for the treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies, clinical trials, and new formulation designs are retrieved to re-evaluate the applications based on the pharmaceutical efficacy of clinical therapy and to provide deep insights into knowledge and strategy about the curcumin’s role as an immune booster, inflammatory modulator, and therapeutic agent against COVID-19. Moreover, this study will also afford a favorable application or approach with evidence based on the drug discovery and development, pharmacology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals for effectively fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.

show abstract

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfections in Ferrets

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

Influenza infection in ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 infection history

Influenza infection in ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 infection history

Priming With Rhinovirus Protects Mice Against a Lethal Pulmonary Coronavirus Infection

Pharmaceutical Prospects of Curcuminoids for the Remedy of COVID-19: Truth or Myth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About