SARS-CoV-2 and Endothelial Cells: Vascular Changes, Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth and Novel Therapeutic Windows

Solimando, Antonio Giovanni; Marziliano, Donatello; Ribatti, Doménico

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092242

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Associations with systolic blood pressure - OR 1.01 [0.99; 1.0 3 ], hypertension – OR 1.31 [0.53; 3. 25 ], plasma glucose level – 1.08 [0.91; 1. 28 ], GFR (CKD-EPI) – 0.99 [0.96; 1.0 2 ], and diabetes mellitus – 1.30 [0.47; 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contributes to the formation of endothelial dysfunction with increased adhesion of leukocytes, activation of the complement system, increased vascular permeability, platelet aggregation, hypercoagulation, and synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 21 - 23 ]. Systemic inflammation causes an imbalance of hormones and vascular resistance [ 24 , 25 ]. This leads to the hyporeactivity of vascular adrenergic receptors, a decrease in the level of endogenous vasopressin, and a lack of corticosteroids [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI)

Podzolkov,

Bragina,

Tarzimanova

et al. 2024

CHYR

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Background:: COVID-19 is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and may affect arterial stiffness. Studies of cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients with considered cardiovascular risk factors have not been conducted. Objective:: The purpose of our study was to assess the association between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. Methods:: A cross-sectional study included 174 people hospitalized with a diagnosis of moderate COVID-19 and 94 people without COVID-19. Significant differences in the cardio-ankle vascular index values measured by VaSera VS - 1500N between the two groups were analyzed using parametric (Student's t-criterion) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) criteria. Independent association between COVID-19 and an increased cardio-ankle vascular index ≥ 9.0 adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results:: There were significantly higher values of the right cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [7.00;9.40] and the left cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [6.95;9.65] in patients undergoing inpatient treatment for COVID-19 than in the control group – 7.55 [6.60;8.60] and 7.60 [6.60;8.70], respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association between increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 (OR 2.41 [CI 1.09;5.30]). Conclusion:: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher cardio-ankle vascular index values compared to the control group. An association between an increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 was revealed, independent of age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI)

Podzolkov,

Bragina,

Tarzimanova

et al. 2024

CHYR

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“… 24 In addition, it is thought that VEGF may have a role in the movement of the virus from the lungs to blood circulation. 25 As none of the inflammatory cytokines were elevated at the time of hospitalization, it seems the VEGF levels increased well before the cytokines were triggered. It is also possible that the role of VEGF in COVID-19 pathophysiology may be independent of the cytokine signaling and inflammatory status of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Cytokine Signatures of Hospitalized Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Alfadda¹,

Siddiqui²,

Rafiullah³

et al. 2023

JIR

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Background:The severe manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 ) is known to be mediated by several cytokines and chemokines. The study aimed to compare the early cytokine profile of mild and severe COVID-19 patients to that with COVID-19-like symptoms and tested negative for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City from June to November 2020. Clinical and biochemical data were collected from hospital charts. Blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission to measure cytokines. A Cytokine and Growth Factor High-Sensitivity Array was used to quantitatively measure cytokines. Results:The study included 202 RT-PCR-positive individuals and 61 RT-PCR-negative individuals. C-Reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were found significantly elevated in the RT-PCR positive group compared to the RT-PCR negative group (p=0.001). Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly longer median hospital stays than those with mild COVID-19 cases (7 vs 6 days). They also had higher CRP and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels and lower Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels compared to the mild cases. CRP, interleukin-6, IL-10, VEGF, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly elevated in men and IL-10 was significantly higher and interleukin-8 was significantly lower in women compared to negative controls. Elevated Interferon-ɣ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 levels were seen in mild COVID-19 cases and elevated level of MCP-1 was seen in severe COVID-19 cases when categorized according to the length of stay in the hospital. Conclusion: CRP and IL-10 levels were elevated in the RT-PCR positive group. People with severe COVID-19 had higher CRP and VEGF levels and lower IL-4 levels. Elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were seen in mild COVID-19 cases and elevated level of MCP-1 was seen in severe COVID-19 cases when categorized according to the length of stay in the hospital.

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“…In addition to the glomerular lesions, ATN lesions and mild-moderate interstitial infiltrates were seen in the kidney samples [30]. Based on endothelial cell damage, SARS-CoV-2-related kidney damage may potentially happen [31]. In histological analyses, endotheliosis of glomerular capillaries was also revealed in a postmortem examination, and viral particles were verified in the endothelial cells [32].…”

Section: Acute Tubular Necrosismentioning

confidence: 96%

Insights into COVID-19 and Its Potential Implications for Kidney Dysfunction

Abdel-Moneim,

Bakry,

Zaky

2023

IJTM

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a significant impact on the world’s demographics, resulting in over 6 million deaths globally. COVID-19 has been associated with a variety of disease manifestations in various organ systems, including kidney disease, in addition to pulmonary manifestations. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can not only cause new kidney damage but also make treatment and care more difficult, as well as increase mortality in people who already have kidney problems. COVID-19 is indeed associated with a variety of renal pathologies, such as acute tubular necrosis, proteinuria, hematuria, and thrombosis complications. Cytokine storms, hypoxemia, direct viral invasion via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and cathepsin L, electrolyte imbalance, and fever are among the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these clinical symptoms. Over the last two years, many COVID-19 vaccines have been discovered. However, there have been a few case reports of AKI, AKD, proteinuria, edema, gross hematuria, and other renal side effects that necessitated hospitalization after receiving COVID-19 vaccinations. Thus, the current review aimed to evaluate COVID-19-induced kidney dysfunction in terms of clinical features, pathogenesis, long-term outcomes, and vaccine harms based on the most up-to-date findings.

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SARS-CoV-2 and Endothelial Cells: Vascular Changes, Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth and Novel Therapeutic Windows

Cited by 7 publications

References 148 publications

Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI)

Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI)

Early Cytokine Signatures of Hospitalized Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Insights into COVID-19 and Its Potential Implications for Kidney Dysfunction

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