SARS-CoV-2 &amp; influenza A virus co-infection in an elderly patient with pneumonia

Munivenkatappa, Ashok; Yadav, Pragya D; Swetha, K; Manjunatha, Jayaswamy; Nyayanit, Dimpal A; Sahay, Rima R.; Basavaraj, T J

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2711_20

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In contrast, a Korean study of 436 COVID-19 patients (35 patients were co-infected with influenza virus while 401 patients had SARS-CoV-2 only) found that co-infected patients were significantly older than SARS-CoV-2 only infected patients (median age 70 versus 46 years of age, p-value < 0.001) [67]. Overall, males were slightly overrepresented among SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infected published cases, accounting for a mean of 52.9% [9,10,[12][13][14][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52][53]56,57,[61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Influenza Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infections had a mean age of 52.5 years (range: two weeks to 81 years) [9,10,[12][13][14][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52][53][56][57][58][61][62][63][64]. A retrospective study of bacterial co-infections in 1243 SARS-CoV-2-infected, 775 influenza-infected, or 242 RSV-infected adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2011 through 2020, found that SARS-CoV-2 patients were younger than the other two groups (median ages: 62, 69, 71 years, respectively) [71]; however, these findings may be attributed to the prevalent profile of COVID-19 patients in the first pandemic wave [72].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Influenza Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Co-Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Maltezou

Papanikolopoulou

Vassiliu

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Τhe COVID-19 pandemic highly impacted the circulation, seasonality, and morbidity burden of several respiratory viruses. We reviewed published cases of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus co-infections as of 12 April 2022. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infections were reported almost exclusively during the first pandemic wave. It is possible that the overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections is higher because of the paucity of co-testing for respiratory viruses during the first pandemic waves when mild cases might have been missed. Animal models indicate severe lung pathology and high fatality; nevertheless, the available literature is largely inconclusive regarding the clinical course and prognosis of co-infected patients. Animal models also indicate the importance of considering the sequence timing of each respiratory virus infection; however, there is no such information in reported human cases. Given the differences between 2020 and 2023 in terms of epidemiology and availability of vaccines and specific treatment against COVID-19, it is rational not to extrapolate these early findings to present times. It is expected that the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus co-infections will evolve in the upcoming seasons. Multiplex real-time PCR-based assays have been developed in the past two years and should be used to increase diagnostic and infection control capacity, and also for surveillance purposes. Given that COVID-19 and influenza share the same high-risk groups, it is essential that the latter get vaccinated against both viruses. Further studies are needed to elucidate how SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus co-infections will be shaped in the upcoming years, in terms of impact and prognosis.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 and Influenza Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Influenza Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Co-Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Maltezou

Papanikolopoulou

Vassiliu

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…This should especially be considered for cases of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A co-infection. Indeed, most of those patients have comorbid conditions that reverberate with frailty [ 106 , 107 ]. Therefore, there is a need for a prompt identification of co-infection cases, especially during the flu season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson’s Disease, SARS-CoV-2, and Frailty: Is There a Vicious Cycle Related to Hypovitaminosis D?

et al. 2023

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The literature has long established the association between aging and frailty, with emerging evidence pointing to a relationship between frailty and SARS-CoV-2 contagion. The possible neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated with physical and cognitive frailty, could lead to a worsening of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in infected patients or—more rarely—to an increase in the Parkinsonian symptomatology. A possible link between those clinical pictures could be identified in vitamin D deficiency, while the whole process would appear to be associated with alterations in the microbiota–intestine–brain axis that fall within the α-Synuclein Origin site and Connectome (SOC) model, and allow for the identification of a body-first PD and a brain-first PD. The model of care for this condition must consider intrinsic and extrinsic variables so that care by a multidisciplinary team can be successfully predicted. A multidimensional screening protocol specifically designed to identify people at risk or in the early stages of the disease should begin with the investigation of indices of frailty and microbiota–intestine–brain axis alterations, with a new focus on cases of hypovitaminosis D.

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“…The majority of cases (56.9% of all COVID-19 cases) involved people in their 18–49 s, whereas elderly patients over the age of 65 accounted for the most deaths, with 71% of all COVID-19 deaths. The elderly patient hospitalised with COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1 infection was admitted to the ICU and showed poor health symptoms [ 38 ]. The risk of ICU admission and mortality rates appeared to be high in the elderly population compared to patients below 60 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infected Hospitalised Patients with Co-Infections and Clinical Outcomes

Aldali,

Aljohani

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The clinical severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may rise because of acquiring a co-infection during the hospital stay of the patients. The rate of hospital co-infection alongside COVID-19 infection remains low. However, the mortality rates and intensive care unit (ICU) admission remains ambiguous. The present study investigates the implications of COVID-19 hospitalised infected patients with co-infection and the clinical outcomes. In this study, 142 patients were included. The eligible patients who tested positive for COVID-19 infection were hospitalised for more than two days. Each patient’s characteristics and laboratory results were collected, such as who was admitted to the intensive care unit and who was discharged or expired. The results revealed that out of the 142 hospitalised patients, 25 (17.6%) were co-infection positive, and 12 identified types of co-infection: two Gram-positive bacterial infections, one fungal infection and nine Gram-negative bacterial infections. In addition, 33 (23.2%) were ICU admitted, 21 were co-infection negative and 12 were co-infection positive. Among the 12 ICU admitted with co-infection, 33.4% were discharged. The death rate and ICU admission had a p-value < 0.05, indicating statistical significance for co-infected patients compared to non-co-infected patients. It was concluded that co-infection remains very low within hospitalised COVID-19-infected patients but can have severe outcomes with increased ICU admission and increased mortality rates. Thus, implementing infection preventive measures to minimize the spread of hospital-acquired infections among COVID-19 hospitalised patients.

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SARS-CoV-2 & influenza A virus co-infection in an elderly patient with pneumonia

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Co-Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Co-Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Parkinson’s Disease, SARS-CoV-2, and Frailty: Is There a Vicious Cycle Related to Hypovitaminosis D?

Implications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infected Hospitalised Patients with Co-Infections and Clinical Outcomes

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