SARS — beginning to understand a new virus

Stadler, Konrad; Masignani, Vega; Eickmann, Markus; Becker, Stephan; Abrignani, Sergio; Klenk, Hans‐Dieter; Rappuoli, Rino

doi:10.1038/nrmicro775

Cited by 498 publications

(458 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The evolving molecular heterogeneity of SARS-CoV (11,12,21,22) has raised concerns about the breadth and efficacy of protection with specific vaccine strains and the possible development of immune escape. In this study, functional differences between different human and animal SARS-CoV S glycoproteins have been characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses

Yang

Werner

Kong

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

248

282

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Molecular characterization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has revealed genetic diversity among isolates. The spike (S) glycoprotein, the major target for vaccine and immune therapy, shows up to 17 substitutions in its 1,255-aa sequence; however, the biologic significance of these changes is unknown. Here, the functional effects of S mutations have been determined by analyzing their affinity for a viral receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2), and their sensitivity to Ab neutralization with viral pseudotypes. Although minor differences among eight strains transmitted during human outbreaks in early 2003 were found, substantial functional changes were detected in S derived from a case in late 2003 from Guangdong province [S(GD03T0013)] and from two palm civets, S(SZ3) and S(SZ16). S(GD03T0013) depended less on the hACE-2 receptor and was markedly resistant to Ab inhibition. Unexpectedly, Abs that neutralized most human S glycoproteins enhanced entry mediated by the civet virus S glycoproteins. The mechanism of enhancement involved the interaction of Abs with conformational epitopes in the hACE-2-binding domain. Finally, improved immunogens and mAbs that minimize this complication have been defined. These data show that the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses can be enhanced by Abs, and they underscore the need to address the evolving diversity of this newly emerged virus for vaccines and immune therapies.angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ͉ enhancement ͉ immunoglobulin G ͉ pseudovirus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses

Yang

Werner

Kong

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

248

282

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To address this critical issue, our group recently studied the detection of viruses, which are among the most important causes of human disease and are agents for biological warfare and terrorism (55,56). Our goal was to determine whether the ultimate limit of one single entity could be reliably detected (28).…”

Section: Pushing Sensitivity: Detecting Single Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanowire-Based Biosensors

Patolsky

Zheng²,

Lieber³

2006

Anal. Chem.

670

509

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“…V iruses are among the most important causes of human disease (1)(2)(3) and an increasing concern as agents for biological warfare and terrorism (4,5). Rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of viruses is central to implementing an effective response to viral infection, such as through medication or quarantine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical detection of single viruses

Patolsky

Zheng

Hayden

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,189

936

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We report direct, real-time electrical detection of single virus particles with high selectivity by using nanowire field effect transistors. Measurements made with nanowire arrays modified with antibodies for influenza A showed discrete conductance changes characteristic of binding and unbinding in the presence of influenza A but not paramyxovirus or adenovirus. Simultaneous electrical and optical measurements using fluorescently labeled influenza A were used to demonstrate conclusively that the conductance changes correspond to binding͞unbinding of single viruses at the surface of nanowire devices. pH-dependent studies further show that the detection mechanism is caused by a field effect, and that the nanowire devices can be used to determine rapidly isoelectric points and variations in receptor-virus binding kinetics for different conditions. Lastly, studies of nanowire devices modified with antibodies specific for either influenza or adenovirus show that multiple viruses can be selectively detected in parallel. The possibility of large-scale integration of these nanowire devices suggests potential for simultaneous detection of a large number of distinct viral threats at the single virus level.

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SARS — beginning to understand a new virus

Cited by 498 publications

References 44 publications

Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses

Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses

Nanowire-Based Biosensors

Electrical detection of single viruses

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