Sargassum horneri as a Prebiotic Dietary Supplement for Immunity Development in Streptococcus parauberis Infected Zebrafish Model

Abstract

Sargassum horneri (SH) is a brown macroalgal species commonly found along the coast of Japan, China, and Korea. SH possesses valuable bioactive compounds that can be developed as functional food ingredients as well as pharmaceutical agents for both humans and animals. In this study, SH was tested for its potential prebiotic effect. Several solvent-assisted extracts of SH were tested on the growth of three species of probiotics (LAB) (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus brevis) and fish pathogen bacteria (Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus parauberis, Edwersiella tarda) both in vitro and in vivo. According to the in vitro results, Celluclast extract (SHC) and crude polysaccharide extract (SHCPs) of SH showed outstanding growth enhancing activity in all LAB species and excellent antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria dose-dependently. Both SHC and SHCPs induced the production of secondary metabolites from LAB. The secondary metabolites successfully reduced pathogenic bacterial growth. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that co-treatment with LAB and SHC/SHCPs diminished the mortality of Streptococcus parauberis infected zebrafish by modulating iNOS, COX-2 expressions. Similarly, SH act as an anti-inflammatory agent against S. parauberis infection by hindering NF-κB pathway activation. Conclusively, the results achieved from the study suggest that S. horneri has the potential to be used as a prebiotic dietary supplement and possesses a protective effect against S. parauberis infections in the aquaculture industry.

Brown algae invasions and bloom events need routine monitoring for effective adaptation

“…Evidence of social impacts of brown algae events is particularly scarce (figure 3), with only four papers that explore the social impacts of S. horneri [46][47][48][49], one paper that considers social impacts of S. muticum [50], and no literature that considers the social impacts of R. okamurae. Due to the limited evidence base for these three algae events, we only discuss the literature on the social impacts of S fluitans and natans.…”

The Role of Seaweed Polysaccharides in Gastrointestinal Health: Protective Effect against Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…IBD has started to be understood as an immunodeficiency disease, with compromised microbiota significantly contributing to the long duration of inflammation. In light of this, altering the intestinal microbiome through antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics is a promising approach for preventative and therapeutic IBD intervention [91][92][93][94].…”

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds: A Promising Strategy for Combatting Viral Diseases—A Review

“…Algal polysaccharides are essential for many biological processes, including cell–cell communication, cell growth, and immune system molecular recognition. The therapeutic properties of polysaccharides include antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and prebiotic activities [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Anionic polymers include sulfated polysaccharides.…”