Sarcosine Oxidase Encapsulated Polyvinyl Alcohol-Silica-AuNP Hybrid Films for Sarcosine Sensing Electrochemical Bioelectrode

Lad, Umesh; Kale, Girish M.; Bryaskova, Rayna

doi:10.1149/2.018405jes

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…From the measurements, the following parameters can be extracted: for the GOx-coated part with glucose in solution K M = 6.9 ± 0.2 mM and for the SOx-coated part with sarcosine in solution K M = 7.2 ± 0.3 mM. Compared with the K M values determined for the enzymes in free solution (GOx: 26 mM, 50 SOx: 12.2 mM 51 ), they are smaller but in good agreement with apparent K M values reported for the immobilized GOx (2−31 mM) 10,52−54 and SOx (2−22 mM) 31,50,55,56 in sensor constructions.…”

Section: Multiplexed Detection Of Two Analytes In Parallel On a Chip ...supporting

confidence: 79%

Multiplexed Readout of Enzymatic Reactions by Means of Laterally Resolved Illumination of Quantum Dot Electrodes

Zhao

Völkner

Riedel

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Triggering electrochemical reactions with light provides a powerful tool for the control of complex reaction schemes on photoactive electrodes. Here, we report on the light-directed, multiplexed detection of enzymatic substrates using a nonstructured gold electrode modified with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and two enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx) and sarcosine oxidase (SOx). While QDs introduce visible-light sensitivity into the electrode architecture, GOx and SOx allow for a selective conversion of glucose and sarcosine, respectively. For the QD immobilization to the gold electrode, a linker-assisted approach using trans-4,4′-stilbenedithiol has been used, resulting in the generation of a photocurrent. Subsequently, GOx and SOx have been immobilized in spatially separated spots onto the QD electrode. For the local readout of the QD electrode, a new measurement setup has been developed by moving a laser pointer across the surface to defined positions on the chip surface. The amplitudes of the photocurrents upon illumination of the GOx or SOx spot depend in a concentration-dependent manner on the presence of glucose and sarcosine, respectively. This measurement also allows for a selective detection in the presence of other substances. The setup demonstrates the feasibility of multiplexed measurements of enzymatic reactions using a focused light pointer, resulting in an illumination area with a diameter of 0.3 mm for analyzing spots of different enzymes. Moving the laser pointer in the x- and y-direction and simultaneously detecting the local photocurrent also allow a spatial imaging of enzyme immobilization. Here, not only the spot dimensions but also the activity of the enzyme can be verified.

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Section: Multiplexed Detection Of Two Analytes In Parallel On a Chip ...supporting

confidence: 79%

Multiplexed Readout of Enzymatic Reactions by Means of Laterally Resolved Illumination of Quantum Dot Electrodes

Zhao

Völkner

Riedel

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Sarcosine is known as a cancer biomarker for prostate cancer [71][72][73][74][75] and has been applied for early cancer detection through the electrochemical method. [76][77][78][79] The biomarker sarcosine was adopted for electrochemical detection by using the μEA sensor on the above-mentioned electrochemical detection platform.…”

Section: Reaction Chemistry and Engineering Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-cost and high-performance 3D micromixer over a wide working range and its application for high-sensitivity biomarker detection

et al. 2022

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“…Narwal et al [68] described the construction of an amperometric sarcosine biosensor based on covalent immobilization of SOX onto the nanocomposite of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes/CS and copper NPs (CS/CuNPs/MWCNT) modified gold electrode with better analytic performance. AuNPs have been also recently used for development of sensing system for sarcosine detection [69,70]. The size of prepared SPIONs (Figure 3) obtained by SEM analysis (18–28 nm) showed relatively narrow size distributions which are in accordance with the studies of Hirsch et al [71] that reported the size of 28.3 ± 2.1 nm in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated SPIONs (PVA-SPIONs), and of Park et al [72] that measured the size ranging from 22.4 to 25.1 nm in polymer-coated SPIONs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing

Uhlirova¹,

Staňková²,

Docekalova³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Background: Sarcosine is an amino acid that is formed by methylation of glycine and is present in trace amounts in the body. Increased sarcosine concentrations in blood plasma and urine are manifested in sarcosinemia and in some other diseases such as prostate cancer. For this purpose, sarcosine detection using the nanomedicine approach was proposed. In this study, we have prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with different modified surface area. Nanoparticles (NPs) were modified by chitosan (CS), and sarcosine oxidase (SOX). SPIONs without any modification were taken as controls. Methods and Results: The obtained NPs were characterized by physicochemical methods. The size of the NPs determined by the dynamic light scattering method was as follows: SPIONs/Au/NPs (100–300 nm), SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs (300–700 nm), and SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs (600–1500 nm). The amount of CS deposited on the NP surface was found to be 48 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs and 39 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs, and repeatability varied around 10%. Pseudo-peroxidase activity of NPs was verified using sarcosine, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. For TMB, all NPs tested evinced substantial pseudo-peroxidase activity at 650 nm. The concentration of SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs in the reaction mixture was optimized to 0–40 mg/mL. Trinder reaction for sarcosine detection was set up at 510 nm at an optimal reaction temperature of 37 °C and pH 8.0. The course of the reaction was linear for 150 min. The smallest amount of NPs that was able to detect sarcosine was 0.2 mg/well (200 µL of total volume) with the linear dependence y = 0.0011x − 0.0001 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.9992, relative standard deviation (RSD) 6.35%, limit of detection (LOD) 5 µM. The suggested method was further validated for artificial urine analysis (r = 0.99, RSD 21.35%, LOD 18 µM). The calculation between the detected and applied concentrations showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.99). NPs were tested for toxicity and no significant growth inhibition was observed in any model system (S. cerevisiae, S. aureus, E. coli). The hemolytic activity of the prepared NPs was similar to that of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control. The reaction system was further tested on real urine specimens. Conclusion: The proposed detection system allows the analysis of sarcosine at micromolar concentrations and to monitor changes in its levels as a potential prostate cancer marker. The whole system is suitable for low-cost miniaturization and point-of-care testing technology and diagnostic systems. This system is simple, inexpensive, and convenient for screening tests and telemedicine applications.

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Sarcosine Oxidase Encapsulated Polyvinyl Alcohol-Silica-AuNP Hybrid Films for Sarcosine Sensing Electrochemical Bioelectrode

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Multiplexed Readout of Enzymatic Reactions by Means of Laterally Resolved Illumination of Quantum Dot Electrodes

Multiplexed Readout of Enzymatic Reactions by Means of Laterally Resolved Illumination of Quantum Dot Electrodes

A low-cost and high-performance 3D micromixer over a wide working range and its application for high-sensitivity biomarker detection

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing

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