Sarcopenic osteoporosis, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenic osteoporotic obesity in the Camargo cohort (Cantabria, Spain)

Abstract

Summary The associations of sarcopenia with osteoporosis or obesity have a very low prevalence. No trend towards an association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia is observed. Sarcopenia and obesity tend not to coincide, as if they were antagonistic disorders. Purpose To know (a) the prevalence in our region of sarcopenic osteoporosis (association of sarcopenia and osteoporosis (T-score < − 2.5)), sarcopenic obesity, and the association of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity; (b) the tendency of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity to associate with each other; and (c) the bone mineral density (BMD), the components of sarcopenia, and the prevalence of fragility fractures in these associations. Methods The study was performed in the Camargo cohort. Osteoporosis was diagnosed by DXA, sarcopenia by the EWGSOP-1 criteria, and obesity by body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage. Fractures were verified radiographically or by consulting the medical records. Results The prevalence of sarcopenic osteoporosis was 2.8% and the OR for this association 1.03 (p = 0.89). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity by BMI was 1.4% and by fat percentage 5.9% (corresponding ORs: 0.18 (p < 0.0001) and 0.58 (p < 0.003) respectively). The prevalence of the association of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity was 0.0% when assessed by BMI and 0.8% when assessed by fat percentage. Patients with sarcopenic osteoporosis have less muscle mass and more fragility fractures than sarcopenic patients overall. In patients with sarcopenic obesity by fat percentage, muscle mass and strength, as well as physical performance, were similar to those of sarcopenic patients overall. Neither BMD nor fracture prevalence showed differences between patients with sarcopenic obesity and patients with sarcopenia or obesity in general. Conclusion Our study supports the idea that the prevalence of the mixed disorders studied is low. No significant association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia was found. Sarcopenia and obesity seem to tend to occur in different people, as if suffering from one of them hinders suffering from the other.

Osteosarcopenic Adiposity and Nutritional Status in Older Nursing Home Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…This prevalence of OSA was higher than the one determined previously in our pilot study conducted in one nursing home, where ~50% of both women and men were diagnosed with OSA [ 16 ]. The prevalence of OSA in this study was also higher compared to the results reported in other studies with adults ≥ 50 years of age [ 5 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…Moreover, in other studies, along with different techniques/instruments used to diagnose OSA, the different parameters and cut-offs values for body composition impairment (especially obesity and sarcopenia) were used as well. For example, some studies used fat mass index (FMI) for obesity diagnosis [ 5 ], while in others different cut-offs for FM% were applied; from 32% to 40% for women and from 25 to 28% for men [ 7 , 13 ]. The biggest discrepancies are noticeable in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, which in some studies was based on the muscle mass alone, while in others the combination with grip strength and other functional performance measures were used [ 14 ].…”

“…Additionally, in many other studies, all three components of OSA (bone, muscle/lean and fat tissue) were determined by DXA. The studies that used the bioimpedance for lean and adipose tissue needed to use another technology (most often heal ultrasound or DXA) to assess the bone status [ 5 , 13 , 14 , 26 , 27 ]. The bioimpedance device used in our study (BIA-ACC, Biotekna ® , Marcon-Venice, Italy), in addition to the soft tissue and body water, can also assess the total bone mass [ 16 , 28 ].…”

“…The overall prevalence of OSA in community-dwelling population older than 50 years, determined mostly by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA and BIA, latter for lean and adipose tissue), although using different criteria, was reported to be between 0.8% to 19.4% [ 5 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. However, studies on the prevalence of OSA in nursing homes are rare or nonexistent except the Keser et al study [ 16 ].…”

Sarcopenic obesity in comorbid patients

“…Так или иначе вариация критериев диагностики как саркопенического ожирения, так саркопенического остеопороза способствует противоречивости данных по распространению остеопороза среди пациентов с саркопеническим ожирением и требует дополнительного изучения взаимного влияния этих патологических состояний [23,26].…”