Sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance: Application of novel body composition models

Poggiogalle, Eleonora; Mendes, Inês; Ong, B. K. C.; Prado, Carla M.; Mocciaro, Gabriele; Mazidi, Mohsen; Lubrano, Carla; Lenzi, Andrea; Donini, Lorenzo Maria; Siervo, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110765

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The present study defined sarcopenic obesity by combining BMI with SMI and did not consider the quality of skeletal muscle or actual muscle function. Skeletal muscle is a key component of body composition in breast cancer because a decrease in skeletal muscle induces chronic inflammation and insulin resistance [13,14]. To obtain a definitive conclusion for the prognostic role of SMI, future studies must integrate quality and functional data for skeletal muscle with survival analysis, as well as validate the cutoff for SMI in a large cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to VAT, a significantly reduced amount of skeletal muscle mass (i.e., sarcopenia) was also associated with higher overall mortality rates in breast cancer survivors [12]. Moreover, the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, called sarcopenic obesity, creates a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, leading to breast cancer progression [11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prognostic Impact of Body Composition for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Iwase

Parikh

Dibaj

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Our previous study indicated that a high amount of visceral adipose tissue was associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with early breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, inconsistency was observed in the prognostic role of body composition in breast cancer treatment outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to validate our previous research by performing a comprehensive body composition analysis in patients with a standardized clinical background. We included 198 patients with stage III breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2007 and June 2015. The impact of body composition on pathologic complete response and survival outcomes was determined. Body composition measurements had no significant effect on pathologic complete response. Survival analysis showed a low ratio of total visceral adipose tissue to subcutaneous adipose tissue (V/S ratio ≤ 34) was associated with shorter overall survival. A changepoint method determined that a V/S ratio cutoff of 34 maximized the difference in overall survival. Our study indicated the prognostic effect of body composition measurements in patients with locally advanced breast cancer compared to those with early breast cancer. Further investigation will be needed to clarify the biological mechanism underlying the association of V/S ratio with prognosis in locally advanced breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prognostic Impact of Body Composition for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Iwase

Parikh

Dibaj

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…In addition to their prominent role in motor function, muscles are vital for metabolic homeostasis [ 9 ]. Sarcopenia is a crucial component of the frailty syndrome and leads to an increased likelihood of adverse side effects, such as falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality [ 2 , 8 ] and a higher risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. As with muscle tissue, maximum bone mass is reached around age 30, remains constant in young adulthood, and slowly declines with age [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines

Bilski

Pierzchalski

Szczepanik

et al. 2022

Cells

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Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.

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“…Impairment of the GH/IGF-1 axis appears to be associated with the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity and ectopic fat deposition in the liver [ 11 ]. Furthermore, sarcopenic obesity has been shown to be associated with MS and low-grade inflammation in adult subjects [ 17 , 18 ]. The cardiovascular risk is closely related to MS and its defining parameters, which are also common in GHD, namely, increased waist circumference—an expression of visceral obesity—altered glucose levels, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Secretory Capacity Is Associated with Cardiac Morphology and Function in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Controlled, Cross-Sectional Study

Gangitano

Bárbaro

Susi

et al. 2022

Cells

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Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. Adult patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) show morpho-functional cardiological alterations. A total of 353 overweight/obese patients are enrolled in the period between 2009 and 2019 to assess the relationships between GH secretory capacity and the metabolic phenotype, cardiovascular risk factors, body composition and cardiac echocardiographic parameters. All patients underwent GHRH + arginine test to evaluate GH secretory capacity, DEXA for body composition assessment and transthoracic echocardiography. Blood samples are also collected for the evaluation of metabolic parameters. In total, 144 patients had GH deficiency and 209 patients had normal GH secretion. In comparing the two groups, we found significant differences in body fat distribution with predominantly visceral adipose tissue accumulation in GHD patients. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in the GHD group. In particular, fasting glycemia, triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressure are found to be linearly correlated with GH secretory capacity. Epicardial fat thickness, E/A ratio and indexed ventricular mass are worse in the GHD group. In the population studied, metabolic phenotype, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac morphology are found to be related to the GH secretory capacity. GH secretion in the obese patient seems to be an important determinant of metabolic health.

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Sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance: Application of novel body composition models

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

The Prognostic Impact of Body Composition for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

The Prognostic Impact of Body Composition for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines

Growth Hormone Secretory Capacity Is Associated with Cardiac Morphology and Function in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Controlled, Cross-Sectional Study

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