Sarcopenia

Fuggle, Nicholas R; Shaw, Sarah; Dennison, Elaine; Cooper, Cyrus

doi:10.1016/j.berh.2017.11.007

Cited by 88 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Sarcopenia is an age‐related loss of muscle mass and function in older adults and may favour the appearance of cardiovascular complications or neurodegenerative disorders. While its prevalence is variable depending on its localization and the method of evaluation, it is estimated that 29% of older persons in community‐dwelling populations and 14–33% in long‐term care populations are affected by sarcopenia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarcopenia is related to several functional comorbidities including mobility disorders, risk of falls and fractures, and a loss of physical independence in activities of daily living (ADL) . It seems that sarcopenia depends on several coadjuvant factors such as inflammatory processes related to aging, nutritional status, intramuscular fat, and genetics, in addition to the reduction of physical activity, which is a crucial precursor of sarcopenia . In the context of the aforementioned factors, there is evidence to indicate that both aerobic and resistance training promote a healthy anti‐inflammatory milieu largely through the release of muscle‐derived myokines, mitigate mitochondria‐related dysfunction, and ameliorates age‐related loss of muscle mass and strength as well as functional capacity and physical performance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 It seems that sarcopenia depends on several coadjuvant factors such as inflammatory processes related to aging, nutritional status, intramuscular fat, and genetics, in addition to the reduction of physical activity, which is a crucial precursor of sarcopenia. 2,7 In the context of the aforementioned factors, there is evidence to indicate that both aerobic and resistance training promote a healthy antiinflammatory milieu largely through the release of musclederived myokines, 8 mitigate mitochondria-related dysfunction, 8 and ameliorates age-related loss of muscle mass and strength 9 as well as functional capacity and physical performance. 10 As a locomotor capacity, gait speed is representative of neuromuscular quality (morphological and neuronal) 1 and a critical determining factor for healthy aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living

Pérez-Sousa

Venegas-Sanabria

Chavarro-Carvajal

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Sarcopenia in older adults is strongly associated with an increase in dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) and with a decline in gait speed. Interestingly, gait speed has been shown to independently predict mortality. In this context, our study aimed to explore the mediator role of gait speed on the relationship between sarcopenia and dependency in ADL. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Colombia, 19 705 older adults with a mean age of 70 years, 55.6% women, 16.1% with sarcopenia, and 14.7% mild, moderate, or severe dependency in ADL, according to ‘SABE Survey 2015’. Sarcopenia was assessed by calf circumference and ADL dependence through the Barthel Index. Gait speed was measured over a distance of 3 m. The association between sarcopenia condition and gait speed and dependency level was analysed by linear regression adjusted by covariates. To examine whether gait speed mediated the association between sarcopenia and dependence components of physical function, simple mediation models were generated using ordinary least squares with the macro PROCESS version 3.2, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Results Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in gait speed and dependency in ADL between the sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. BMI was significantly higher in the non‐sarcopenia group whereas dependency was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group (19.6% vs. 13.8%). Results from mediation model regression analysis indicated a significant and direct detrimental effect of sarcopenia on dependency in ADL (β = −0.05; P < 0.001), and a significant indirect effect of gait speed on the direct effect (−0.009 to −0.004). Conclusions The negative effect of sarcopenia on functional dependence was mediated by the gait speed. Therefore, gait speed may positively influence the detrimental effect of sarcopenia for dependency, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Consequently, physical exercise should be promoted and focused to circumvent the gait speed decline associated with age in older people with sarcopenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living

Pérez-Sousa

Venegas-Sanabria

Chavarro-Carvajal

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with ageing is the hallmarks of increasingly recognized sarcopenia and dynapenia . These structural and functional senescence‐related changes in skeletal muscle are accompanied by an increased risk of morbidity and mortality …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with ageing is the hallmarks of increasingly recognized sarcopenia 1 and dynapenia. 2 These structural and functional senescencerelated changes in skeletal muscle are accompanied by an increased risk of morbidity 3 and mortality. 4 At present, identifying people with sarcopenia is accomplished in the clinical setting using anatomic and functional measurements alone or in combination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved strength prediction combining clinically available measures of skeletal muscle mass and quality

Bourgeois

Fan

Johannsen

et al. 2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Measures of skeletal muscle function decline at a faster rate with ageing than do indices of skeletal muscle mass. These observations have been attributed to age‐related changes in muscle quality, another functional determinant separate from skeletal muscle mass. This study tested the hypothesis that improved predictions of skeletal muscle strength can be accomplished by combining clinically available measures of skeletal muscle mass and quality. Methods The participants included 146 healthy adult (age ≥ 18 years, range 18–77 years; X ± SD 47 ± 17 years and body mass index 16.5–51.8 kg/m 2 ; 27.7 ± 6.2 kg/m 2 ) men ( n = 60) and women ( n = 86) in whom skeletal muscle mass was estimated as appendicular lean soft tissue (LST) measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and skeletal muscle quality as bioimpedance analysis‐derived phase angle and B‐mode‐evaluated echogenicity of mid‐thigh skeletal muscle. Strength of the right leg and both arms was quantified as knee isokinetic extension and handgrip strength using dynamometers. The statistical significance of adding phase angle or echogenicity to strength prediction multiple regression models that included extremity‐specific LST and other covariates (e.g. age and sex) was evaluated to test the study hypothesis. Results Right leg LST mass alone was significantly ( P < 0.0001) correlated with isokinetic right leg strength ( R 2 = 0.57). The addition of segmental phase angle measured in the right leg at 50 kHz increased the R 2 of this model to 0.66 ( P < 0.0001); other phase angle frequencies (5 and 250 kHz) did not contribute significantly to these models. Results were similar for both right and left arm handgrip strength prediction models. Adding age and sex as model covariates increased the R 2 values of these models further (e.g. right leg strength model R 2 increased to 0.71), but phase angle continued to remain a significant (all P < 0.01) predictor of extremity strength. Similarly, when predicting isokinetic right leg strength, mid‐thigh skeletal muscle echogenicity added significantly ( P < 0.0001) to right leg LST, increasing R 2 from 0.57 to 0.64; age was a significant ( P < 0.0001) covariate in this model, increasing R 2 further to 0.68. Conclusions The hypothesis of the current study was confirmed, strongly supporting and extending earlier reports by quantifying the combined independent effects of skeletal muscle mass and quality on lo...

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Bimagrumab vs Optimized Standard of Care for Treatment of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Rooks¹,

Swan²,

Goswami

et al. 2020

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCE The potential benefit of novel skeletal muscle anabolic agents to improve physical function in people with sarcopenia and other muscle wasting diseases is unknown. OBJECTIVE To confirm the safety and efficacy of bimagrumab plus the new standard of care on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical function compared with standard of care alone in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 38 sites in 13 countries among community-dwelling men and women aged 70 years and older meeting gait speed and skeletal muscle criteria for sarcopenia. The study was

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Sarcopenia

Cited by 88 publications

References 120 publications

Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living

Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living

Improved strength prediction combining clinically available measures of skeletal muscle mass and quality

Bimagrumab vs Optimized Standard of Care for Treatment of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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