Sarcopenia, Calf Circumference, and Physical Function of Elderly Women: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Rolland, Yves; Lauwers‐Cancès, Valérie; Cournot, Maxime; Nourhashémi, Fati; Reynish, William; Rivière, D.; Vellas, Bruno; Grandjean, Hélène

doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51362.x

Cited by 398 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In 1,458 French women aged 70 years and older the calf circumference was most strongly associated with predicted ASMM (r=0.63). However, a calf circumference value below 31 cm was not a good screening tool to detect sarcopenia based on the Baumgartner definition (sensitivity 44.3%, specificity 91.4%) (11).…”

Section: Definitions Of Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 92%

Towards a definition of sarcopenia — results from epidemiologic studies

Visser

2009

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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IntroductionThe term sarcopenia, indicating the age-related loss of muscle mass, was first introduced by Dr. I.H. Rosenberg (1). This loss of muscle mass with aging is hypothesized to have negative consequences for health and physical functioning in old age (2). To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its impact on health and functioning in old age, and to diagnose sarcopenia in clinical practice, a definition should be available. Several definitions have been developed and described in the literature. The usefullness of these definitions is generally tested by investigating the association between sarcopenia and (change in) physical functioning. It is important to realize that most of these definitions include a cutpoint for low muscle mass, not loss of muscle mass. Currently, there is no consensus on the definition of sarcopenia. In this brief review several proposed definitions of sarcopenia will be described and potential advantages and disavantages will be discussed. Definitions of sarcopeniaBaumgartner and collegues were the first to develop a definition of sarcopenia (3). Based on studies showing that the amount of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) could be estimated by using the bone-free, fat-free mass of the arms and legs as assessed with whole body dual-photon absorptiometry or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA,4,5), the definition was created using ASMM. Furthermore, analogous to the body mass index, the ASMM was devided by height squared to adjust for the strong association between body height and ASMM. To define the cutpoints for low ASMM an approach similar to that of osteoporosis was taken. Older persons with a ASMM less than two standard deviations from the mean of a young reference population were considered sarcopenic. DXA data from a young (aged 18-40 years) volunteer sample of 229 non-Hispanic white men and women participating in the Rosetta Stone study (6) were used to determine the sarcopenia cutpoints. The developed cutpoints were 7.26 kg/m2 for men and 5.45 kg/m2 for women (3). Although these cutpoints are limited by the fact that the young reference group was a volunteer sample and might not have been representative for young US men and women (it was actually the first young sample with available DXA measurements) they are widely being used in sarcopenia research. Using the same approach, sarcopenia cutpoints have recently been developed for Asian persons (7).The Baumgartner cutpoints for sarcopenia were first applied to the New Mexico Elder Health Survey in which ASMM was predicted using an equation including sex, body weight, body height, hip circumference and grip strength (3). After adjustment for age, income, ethnicity, obesity, comorbidity, current smoking, physical activity and alcohol intake, sarcopenic men and women were more likely to have 3 physical disabilities. In men, but not in women, sarcopenia was also associated with >1 balance abnormality, the use of a cane or walker, and falling in the past year.A second definition of sarcopenia was developed by Ja...

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Section: Definitions Of Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 92%

Towards a definition of sarcopenia — results from epidemiologic studies

Visser

2009

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…Conventionally, the definition of sarcopenia has adopted the method in osteoporosis, taking the two standard deviations below the mean of the young reference population as the cutoff for diagnosis (Baumgartner et al 1998;Melton et al 2000;Rolland et al 2003). The European Working Group on Sarcopnia in Older People includes physical performance in the definition of sarcopenia rather than considering muscle mass alone (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity to muscle ratio predicts incident physical limitation in a cohort of 3,153 older adults—an alternative measurement of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

Auyeung

Lee

Leung

et al. 2012

AGE

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Conventionally, sarcopenia is defined by muscle mass and physical performance. We hypothesized that the disability caused by sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was related to the amount of adiposity or body weight bearing on a unit of muscle mass, or the adiposity to muscle ratio. We therefore examined whether this ratio could predict physical limitation by secondary analysis of the data in our previous study. We recruited 3,153 communitydwelling adults aged >65 years and their body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Assessment of physical limitation was undertaken 4 years later. The relationship between baseline adiposity to muscle ratio and incident physical limitation was examined by logistic regression. In men, the adiposity to muscle ratios, namely total body fat to lower-limb muscle mass, total body fat to fatfree mass (FFM), and body weight to FFM, were predictive of physical limitation before and after adjustment for the covariates: age, Mini-mental Status Examination score, Geriatric Depression Scale score >8, and the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, and stroke (all p values<0.001), when the total body fat to lower-limb muscle mass ratio was greater than or equal to 0.75. In women, throughout the entire range of that ratio, all three adiposity to muscle ratios were associated with physical limitation 4 years later both before and after adjustment for the same set of covariates (all p values<0.05). Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity as measured by the body weight or adiposity bearing on a unit of muscle mass (the adiposity to muscle ratio) could predict incident or worsening physical limitation in older women across the entire range of the total body fat to lower-limb muscle mass ratio; and in older men when this ratio was equal to or greater than 0.75.

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“…Associations between measures of muscle mass and function, level of physical activity (LPA) and functional mobility have been established in older adults, demonstrating that slow walking speed and reduced handgrip strength (HG) can identify those with reduced lower-limb muscle strength and power, limitations and functional decline [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Although it has been well-established in the literature that there are reductions in muscle function and LPA concomitant with aging, the best clinical parameter for screening reduced lower-limb muscle strength and power in the elderly has not yet been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the relationship between muscle function, functional mobility and level of physical activity in community-dwelling elderly

Garcia¹,

Dias²,

Dias³

et al. 2011

Braz. J. Phys. Ther.

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Sarcopenia, Calf Circumference, and Physical Function of Elderly Women: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Abstract: CC cannot be used to predict sarcopenia defined using DEXA but provides valuable information on muscle-related disability and physical function.

Cited by 398 publications

References 30 publications

Towards a definition of sarcopenia — results from epidemiologic studies

Towards a definition of sarcopenia — results from epidemiologic studies

Adiposity to muscle ratio predicts incident physical limitation in a cohort of 3,153 older adults—an alternative measurement of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

A study on the relationship between muscle function, functional mobility and level of physical activity in community-dwelling elderly

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