Sarcopenia and Back Muscle Degeneration as Risk Factors for Degenerative Adult Spinal Deformity with Sagittal Imbalance and Degenerative Spinal Disease: A Comparative Study

Kim, Whoan Jeang; Shin, Hyun Min; Lee, Jong Shin; Song, Dae Geon; Lee, Jae Won; Chang, Shann Haw; Park, Kun Young; Choy, Won Sik

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.053

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, our study included a limited number of cases of height loss caused by intervertebral disc degeneration; osteoarthritic conditions of the spine, hip, or knee; or weakness of the back muscles 18 . Paravertebral muscle weakness may reflect sarcopenia 19 . The increased risk of CVD associated with height loss may reflect poor muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass loss, both of which have been shown to be predictors of mortality 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between height loss and cardiovascular disease in the Korean elderly

Choi

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Shorter people are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but data remain limited. This study sought to determine whether height loss is associated with an increased incidence of CVD. From the Korean National Health Insurance Service—Senior database (2002–2015), data of 134,952 individuals with available information on height loss was obtained. Height loss as percentages was measured 3–5 years from the baseline height. To assess hazard ratios for CVD incidence, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used before and after applying propensity score matching. The unmatched cohort consisted of 109,546 participants without height loss (< 1%): 20,208 participants with 1–2% height loss, and 5126 participants with ≥ 2% height loss. During a median follow-up period of 6.5 years (interquartile range, 3.7–8.5 years), 21,921 were newly diagnosed with CVD. Adults with height loss of > 2% had a greater risk of incident CVD than those with no height loss. This finding was statistically significant both in the original- and propensity score-matched cohorts. The increased risk for ischemic stroke was significant in the male subgroups, in line with degree of height loss. Overall, height loss is associated with an increased risk of subsequent ischemic stroke in Korean men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between height loss and cardiovascular disease in the Korean elderly

Choi

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…According to their results, a moderate correlation was obtained between the multifidus cross-sectional area and global spinal alignment, as well as spinopelvic alignment. Kim et al 5 published similar results, finding that sarcopenia and back muscle degeneration were risk factors for sagittal imbalance in patients with degenerative adult spinal deformity.The original finding of this study is that the researchers found worse changes in spinal alignment and balance after a 10-minute walk in the compensated sagittal deformity group. Tho-Neurospine…”

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confidence: 71%

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confidence: 71%

The Important Role of Paraspinal Muscle Quality for Maintaining Sagittal Balance While Walking: Commentary on “Correlation of Paraspinal Muscle Mass With Decompensation of Sagittal Adult Spinal Deformity After Setting of Fatigue Post 10-Minute Walk”

Kim

2021

Neurospine

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In this paper authored by Bae et al., 1 the authors reported important findings regarding the role of paraspinal muscle quality in maintaining sagittal balance. Specifically, they found differences in sagittal spinal alignment after a 10-minute walk in compensated versus uncompensated adult spinal deformities after the onset of fatigue. This article will be followed by a project to determine the cause for this finding and the differences in muscle quality and quantity between compensated and decompensated groups.As all we know, balance is dynamic, whereas malalignment is static. Thus, patients with malalignment could have a balanced erect posture using various compensatory mechanisms, which is why we referred to this group as "compensated sagittal imbalanced. " However, maintaining this erect posture using intra-and extracompensatory mechanisms requires energy consumption, which is dependent on the muscles around the lower extremities and vertebrae in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral areas. 2 The relationship between the paraspinal muscles and sagittal spinal malalignment has been associated with sarcopenia, which refers to degenerative changes in the muscle and is regarded as a disease that decreases patients' quality of life and precipitates or aggravates their spinal problems. 3 Yagi et al. 4 also reported that the paravertebral muscle and psoas play an important role in the maintenance of global spinal alignment in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis. According to their results, a moderate correlation was obtained between the multifidus cross-sectional area and global spinal alignment, as well as spinopelvic alignment. Kim et al. 5 published similar results, finding that sarcopenia and back muscle degeneration were risk factors for sagittal imbalance in patients with degenerative adult spinal deformity.The original finding of this study is that the researchers found worse changes in spinal alignment and balance after a 10-minute walk in the compensated sagittal deformity group. Tho-Neurospine

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“…The results of this study suggested that a weak ATMS is a risk factor for spinal sagittal imbalance after THA. The relationship between trunk muscle strength and spinal sagittal balance has been reported in the past, and these studies concluded that weak back muscles are associated with sagittal imbalance [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. A previous study showed that the device used in this study (RECORE) could quantify ATMS, and strengthening exercises using the device increased ATMS and activated the abdominal, diaphragmatic, and pelvic floor muscles [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Progressive Spinal Sagittal Imbalance in the Short-Term Course after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A 3 Year Follow-Up Study of Female Patients

Nagatani

Demura

Kato

et al. 2022

JCM

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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with hip osteoarthritis improves hip flexion contracture, subsequently improving spinal sagittal balance. However, in some cases, spinal sagittal imbalance develops in the course after THA, and its risk factors remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of progressive spinal sagittal imbalance after THA. This retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database included female patients aged ≥50 years who underwent THA. Before performing THA, we obtained each patient’s anthropometric and muscle strength measurements and whole-spine radiographs. Three years postoperatively, patients underwent whole-spine radiography to examine changes in the spinal sagittal balance. Patients were assigned into groups on the basis of their preoperative and 3 year postoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) values. Patients with 3 year postoperative SVA values ≥40 mm with an increase ≥30 mm were categorized into the imbalance group; the other patients were categorized into the non-imbalance group. Of 103 patients, 11 (10.7%) were in the imbalance group. In multiple logistic regression analysis, preoperative weak abdominal trunk muscle strength (ATMS) (p = 0.007) and small sacral slope (SS) (p = 0.005) were significant risk factors for progressive spinal sagittal imbalance. In conclusion, risk factors for progressive spinal sagittal imbalance after THA were weak preoperative ATMS and small SS.

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Sarcopenia and Back Muscle Degeneration as Risk Factors for Degenerative Adult Spinal Deformity with Sagittal Imbalance and Degenerative Spinal Disease: A Comparative Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Association between height loss and cardiovascular disease in the Korean elderly

Association between height loss and cardiovascular disease in the Korean elderly

The Important Role of Paraspinal Muscle Quality for Maintaining Sagittal Balance While Walking: Commentary on “Correlation of Paraspinal Muscle Mass With Decompensation of Sagittal Adult Spinal Deformity After Setting of Fatigue Post 10-Minute Walk”

Risk Factors for Progressive Spinal Sagittal Imbalance in the Short-Term Course after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A 3 Year Follow-Up Study of Female Patients

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