Sarcopenia: an overview

Santos

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

et al. 2020

192

158

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age‐related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.

Section: Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia

Santos

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

et al. 2020

192

158

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

“…Furthermore, Janssen et al (2004) concluded that a 10% reduction in the prevalence of sarcopenia could result in a savings of $1.1 billion per year, substantiating the need for interventions aimed at combating sarcopenia. Factors contributing to sarcopenia include changes in muscle biology, oxidative stress, satellite cell function, hormonal regulation, nutrition, and physical activity (Cruz-Jentoft et al, 2014Karakelides & Nair, 2005;Marzetti et al, 2017). From a healthy aging perspective, lifestyle interventions which decrease sarcopenia are clinically significant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males

Bernat

Candow

Gryzb

et al. 2019

The purpose was to investigate the effects of high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males. Participants were randomized to supplement with creatine (0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine + 0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of maltodextrin) or placebo (0.2 g·kg−1·day−1 of maltodextrin) during 8 weeks of HVRT. Prior to and following HVRT and supplementation, assessments were made for muscle strength, muscle thickness, peak torque, and physical performance. There was a significant increase over time for all measures of muscle strength (p < 0.001), muscle thickness (p < 0.001), and some measures of peak torque (knee flexion; 1.05 and 3.14 rad/s; p < 0.001) and physical performance (balance board time-to-completion; p = 0.017). There was a group × time interaction for leg press strength (p = 0.044) and total lower-body strength (leg press, knee flexion, knee extension combined; p = 0.039). The creatine group experienced greater gains in leg press and total lower-body strength compared with the placebo group, with no other differences. HVRT increases muscle strength, muscle thickness, and some measures of peak torque and physical performance in untrained healthy aging males. The addition of creatine supplementation to HVRT further augments the gains in leg press and total lower-body strength. Novelty High-velocity resistance training increases muscle mass and performance. Creatine supplementation increases lower-body muscle strength. High-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation are safe interventions for aging adults.

“…The main approaches to treatment of sarcopenia are progressive resistance exercise and optimization of dietary protein intake [20], [21]. As treating sarcopenia is likely to improve patients' SARC-F score, it can be hypothesized that allied health intervention that specifically aims to maximize patients' mobility and independence in performing daily tasks may improve quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between SARC‐F status and quality of life in High Risk Foot Clinic patients

Churilov

Чурилов

Proctor

et al. 2019

JCSM Clinical Reports

Background High Risk Foot Clinic (HRFC) patients have foot ulceration commonly associated with poorer quality of life (QoL). A positive SARC-F test is predictive of sarcopenia. The objective of this study is to investigate whether SARC-F positive status is associated with lower QoL among attendees of HRFC, which is currently unknown. Methods and resultsIn this cross-sectional study ambulatory HRFC patients were recruited at metropolitan tertiary referral hospital over one year. Demographics, comorbidities, SARC-F and EQ-5D-3L (EuroQol Group) outcomes were collected. Association between SARC-F status and EQ-5D visual analogue scale measurement, as well as individual EQ-5D-3L dimensions were investigated using, respectively, linear robust and ordinal logistic regression modelling. The clinic was attended by 122 new patients, 85 of whom (69%) completed the questionnaires with no selection bias identified. 43/85 (51%) patients were SARC-F positive as indicated by a score of 4 or greater. No significant differences between SARC-F positive and negative patients were identified in age or diabetes status. SARC-F positive patients had consistently lower EQ-5D-3L visual analogue scale measurement [mean 5.3 (SD 2.0); median 5 (IQR: 4, 6.5)] compared to SARC-F negative patients [6.6 (SD 1.9); 7 (5.5, 7.5)], adjusted mean difference -1.2 (95%CI: -2.1, -0.4; p=0.007). SARC-F positive patients demonstrated consistent and statistically significantly worse EQ-5D-3L scores on mobility, personal care and usual activities, but not on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort components. Conclusions Approximately half of HRFC patients are SARC-F positive and exhibit significantly lower QoL as measured by EQ-5D-3L compared to SARC-F negative patients.