Sarcoid of the Fundus

Neurosarcoidosis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment

“…Because ocular sarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis often occur concomitantly [75,76], an ophthalmologic evaluation is often useful to suggest the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. A slit lamp and fundoscopic examination should be performed as sarcoidosis may affect any portion of the eye [26].…”

Immune mechanisms in choroido-retinal inflammation in man

“…Retinal and macular oedema may occur and retinal granulomas may extend into and involve the choroid.48. 49 The optic nerves can be involved by extension from the retinal inflammatory process, by granulomas primarly affecting the nerve itself or from raised intracranial pressure due to CNS involvement.…”

Choroidal granuloma as an initial manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis

“…Posterior segment findings in ocular sarcoidosis have been shown to occur in 14-28% of [6,7]. The incidence of choroidal granulomas in ocular sarcoidosis is about 5.5%, which rises to 12% if only patients with posterior segment involvement are examined [6,8].…”

“…It has been stated by Desai et al [10] that, unless there is macular or optic nerve involvement, choroidal granuloma due to sarcoidosis may go unnoticed. Even though the visual outcome in these cases is good, the importance of diagnosing the solitary choroidal granuloma as a manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis cannot be underestimated, because patients with posterior segment disease have been shown to have twice the incidence of CNS involvement when compared with the whole population of patients with sarcoidosis [6,8]. Although certain forms of neurosarcoidosis may result in minimal dysfunction, others have lower 2-year remission rates with increased morbidity and mortality [11].…”