‘Sarcobesity’: A metabolic conundrum

Parr, Evelyn B.; Coffey, Vernon G.; Hawley, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.014

Cited by 81 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Although resistance training retains or improves the relative percentage of lean mass to total body, current evidence failed to detect a loss of fat mass of a similar magnitude to aerobic training which promotes fat mass loss together with beneficial changes in muscle tissue [97][98][99] . Studies evaluating efficacy of dietary restriction together with exercise program showed more favorable results (as weight loss rate and body composition improvement) compared to diet or exercise prescription alone [69] . Emerging data suggest that the combination of resistance and aerobic exercise with a modest energy restriction was successful for preserving skeletal muscle concomitantly with a significant decrease of fat mass [100] .…”

Section: Energy Balance Physical Activity and Dietary Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Rotella

Dicembrini

2015

WJM

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In clinical practice obesity is primarily diagnosed through the body mass index. In order to characterize patients affected by obesity the use of traditional anthropometric measures appears misleading. Beyond the body mass index, there are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body components as free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. Energy restriction alone is an effective strategy to achieve an early and significant weight loss, however it results in a reduction of both fat and lean mass therefore promoting or aggravating an unfavourable body composition (as sarcobesity) in terms of mortality and comorbidities. Therefore the implementation of daily levels of physical activity should be simultaneously promoted. The major role of muscle mass in the energy balance has been recently established by the rising prevalence of the combination of two condition as sarcopenia and obesity. Physical exercise stimulates energy expenditure, thereby directly improving energy balance, and also promotes adaptations such as fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis, improvement of insulin resistance, and release of myokines, which may influence different tissues, including muscle. Core tip: There are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body components as free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. REVIEW

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Section: Energy Balance Physical Activity and Dietary Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The importance of lean mass on energy balance has been widely recognized by the rising prevalence of the combination of two condition as sarcopenia and obesity [69] . Two major consensus documents provide different definition of sarcopenia.…”

Section: Beyond the Adipose Tissue Excess: The Importance Of Muscle Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Rotella

Dicembrini

2015

WJM

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“…The coexistence of diminished muscle mass and increased fat mass, called 'sarcobesity', is ultimately manifested by impaired mobility and/or development of life-style related diseases. Sarcopenic obesity was first defined by Baumgartner as a muscle mass index less than two standard deviation below the Reduction (↓) Reduction (↓) Can be associated with wasting and cancer cachexia Expansion (↑) Reduction (↓) Can cause body weight to remain constant, masking malnutrition sex-specific reference for young, healthy population [47,48]. FFM loss is unequivocally associated with decreased survival, negative clinical outcome, i.e.…”

Section: Rationale Body Composition In Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in clinical practice

Andréoli

Garaci

Cafarelli

et al. 2016

European Journal of Radiology

171

121

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a b s t r a c tNutritional status is the results of nutrients intake, absorption and utilization, able to influence physiological and pathological conditions. Nutritional status can be measured for individuals with different techniques, such as CT Body Composition, quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound, DualEnergy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Bioimpendance. Because obesity is becoming a worldwide epidemic, there is an increasing interest in the study of body composition to monitor conditions and delay in development of obesity-related diseases. The emergence of these evidence demonstrates the need of standard assessment of nutritional status based on body weight changes, playing an important role in several clinical setting, such as in quantitative measurement of tissues and their fluctuations in body composition, in survival rate, in pathologic condition and illnesses. Since body mass index has been shown to be an imprecise measurement of fat-free and fat mass, body cell mass and fluids, providing no information if weight changes, consequently there is the need to find a better way to evaluate body composition, in order to assess fat-free and fat mass with weight gain and loss, and during ageing. Monitoring body composition can be very useful for nutritional and medical interventional. This review is focused on the use of Body Composition in Clinical Practice.

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“…Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by loss of muscle mass, with reduced physical function. 22,38 Nutritional assessment based on body composition or percentage of body fat in obese ICU patients can help identify at-risk patients and guide optimal nutritional care. Current nutritional support guidelines for adult patients with obesity emphasize high-protein, hypocaloric feedings (assuming no renal or hepatic dysfunction), and provision of adequate nutrients for recovery and promotion of strength rather than weight loss.…”

Section: Risk For Malnutrition In Obese Critically Ill Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Guidelines for Assessment of Malnutrition in Adults: Obese Critically Ill Patients

Mauldin

O’Leary-Kelley

2015

Critical Care Nurse

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Recently released recommendations for detection and documentation of malnutrition in adults in clinical practice define 3 types of malnutrition: starvation related, acute disease or injury related, and chronic disease related. The first 2 are more easily recognized, but the third may be more often unnoticed, particularly in obese patients. Critical care patients tend to be at high risk for malnutrition and thus require a thorough nutritional assessment. Compared with patients of earlier times, intensive care unit patients today tend to be older, have more complex medical and comorbid conditions, and often are obese. Missed or delayed detection of malnutrition in these patients may contribute to increases in hospital morbidity and longer hospital stays. Critical care nurses are in a prime position to screen patients at risk for malnutrition and to work with members of the interprofessional team in implementing nutritional intervention plans.

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‘Sarcobesity’: A metabolic conundrum

Cited by 81 publications

References 56 publications

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Body composition in clinical practice

New Guidelines for Assessment of Malnutrition in Adults: Obese Critically Ill Patients

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