SARC-F for Screening of Sarcopenia Among Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Screening Test Accuracy

Ida, Satoshi; Kaneko, Ryutaro; Murata, Kazuya

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.001

Cited by 176 publications

(154 citation statements)

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“…Difficulty with climbing stairs and falls in the last year were the most common SARC-F components reported by participants. The presence of either of these in a patient's The low to moderate sensitivity and high specificity of SARC-F as a screening tool for sarcopenia has been described previously [6,8]. It has been suggested that the addition of calf circumference [27], age and BMI [28] may improve the diagnostic accuracy of the SARC-F tool for EWGSOP2 sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The sensitivity and specificity of the SARC-F tool to screen for sarcopenia defined according to the original EWGSOP consensus definition have been summarised in a systematic review and meta-analysis of seven studies [6]. It was found to have low sensitivity [0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13-0.31], but high specificity (0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.94).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The identification of probable sarcopenia in early old age based on the SARC-F tool and clinical suspicion: findings from the 1946 British birth cohort

et al. 2020

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Key summary pointsAim To describe the prevalence of probable sarcopenia in a sample of older adults and to investigate (1) the SARC-F tool and (2) clinical risk factors in the identification of probable sarcopenia. Findings The prevalence of probable sarcopenia at age 69 was 19%, and a SARC-F score of ≥ 1 had a reasonable balance of sensitivity (65%) and specificity (72%) for probable sarcopenia. Three clinical risk factors were independently associated with probable sarcopenia: polypharmacy, lower body osteoarthritis and physical inactivity. Message Those with any positive responses to the questions in the SARC-F tool, a history of polypharmacy, lower body osteoarthritis or physical inactivity should be prioritised for the assessment of muscle strength. AbstractPurpose The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) consensus definition introduced the concept of probable sarcopenia as a basis on which to begin treatment. Our aims were to describe the prevalence of probable sarcopenia in older adults and to investigate the utility of (1) the SARC-F tool and (2) clinical risk factors for the identification of those likely to have probable sarcopenia. Methods We used data from the 1946 British birth cohort at age 69, with 1686 participants included in the analyses. We used the EWGSOP2 cut points for weak grip strength and slow chair rise time, with the presence of one or both indicating probable sarcopenia. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of the SARC-F tool for probable sarcopenia. We also examined associations between clinical risk factors and probable sarcopenia. Results The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 19%. A SARC-F score of ≥ 4 had low sensitivity (15%) and high specificity (99%) for probable sarcopenia, whereas a score of ≥ 1 had higher sensitivity (65%) and reasonable specificity (72%). Three clinical risk factors were independently associated with probable sarcopenia: polypharmacy [OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.7,4.2)], lower body osteoarthritis [OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.3, 2.6)] and physical inactivity [OR of 2.1 (95% CI 1.5, 2.8)]. Conclusion We have shown that EWGSOP2 probable sarcopenia is common in community-dwelling adults in early old age. Those with any positive responses to the questions in the SARC-F tool, a history of polypharmacy, lower body osteoarthritis or physical inactivity should be prioritised for the assessment of muscle strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of probable sarcopenia in early old age based on the SARC-F tool and clinical suspicion: findings from the 1946 British birth cohort

et al. 2020

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“…Several researchers have examined the SARC‐F's utility in detecting current sarcopenia . Woo et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARC‐F: A validation study with community‐dwelling older Japanese adults

Kera

Kawai

Hirano

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim The SARC‐F is a useful clinical index for sarcopenia screening; however, this measure has low sensitivity. Furthermore, this tool has never been validated on community‐dwelling older Japanese adults. The goal of the present study was to validate a Japanese version of the SARC‐F and confirm its suitability for Japanese samples. Methods Participants were 734 community‐dwelling older adults in the Itabashi Ward, Japan. Bioimpedance measures, walking speed, grip strength and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were measured. Sarcopenia was defined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria and Japanese‐adjusted Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. SARC‐F receiver operating characteristic curves for each sarcopenia measure were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Physical functioning, IADL and sarcopenia screening tools were compared with the SARC‐F. Results A total of nine men (3.1%) and 15 women (3.4%) were classified into a SARC‐F sarcopenia group. The sarcopenia group had lower physical functioning and Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment scores and higher frailty status than the control group. The Cronbach's alpha for the SARC‐F was 0.610, suggesting insufficient internal consistency. SARC‐F scores were related to physical functioning, IADL, and Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment scores. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the SARC‐F based on each criterion showed low sensitivity, but high specificity. Conclusions The Japanese version of the SARC‐F appears to be a useful index for reflecting physical functioning and IADL. However, it is necessary to further determine whether this tool is useful for detecting sarcopenia among community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1172–1178.

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“…Recognizing the limited time available during a typical visit to a health care professional, the EWGSOP2 also suggested that case finding should be used to identify older persons at risk for sarcopenia. They recommended the use of clinical symptoms usually associated with sarcopenia or the SARC‐F ( Figure ), a questionnaire with five questions, which has high specificity, albeit low sensitivity, to identify persons with sarcopenia . The SARC‐F has been translated into multiple languages.…”

Section: Evolving Definition Of Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They recommended the use of clinical symptoms usually associated with sarcopenia or the SARC-F ( Figure 2), a questionnaire with five questions, which has high specificity, albeit low sensitivity, to identify persons with sarcopenia. [16][17][18][19][20] The SARC-F has been translated into multiple languages. The SARC-F is also recommended by the ICFSR for screening.…”

Section: Primary Sarcopenia (Sarcopenia Of Aging)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper

Bauer

Morley

Schols

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

462

370

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The term sarcopenia was introduced in 1988. The original definition was a “muscle loss” of the appendicular muscle mass in the older people as measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). In 2010, the definition was altered to be low muscle mass together with low muscle function and this was agreed upon as reported in a number of consensus papers. The Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders supports the recommendations of more recent consensus conferences, i.e. that rapid screening, such as with the SARC‐F questionnaire, should be utilized with a formal diagnosis being made by measuring grip strength or chair stand together with DXA estimation of appendicular muscle mass (indexed for height2). Assessments of the utility of ultrasound and creatine dilution techniques are ongoing. Use of ultrasound may not be easily reproducible. Primary sarcopenia is aging associated (mediated) loss of muscle mass. Secondary sarcopenia (or disease‐related sarcopenia) has predominantly focused on loss of muscle mass without the emphasis on muscle function. Diseases that can cause muscle wasting (i.e. secondary sarcopenia) include malignant cancer, COPD, heart failure, and renal failure and others. Management of sarcopenia should consist of resistance exercise in combination with a protein intake of 1 to 1.5 g/kg/day. There is insufficient evidence that vitamin D and anabolic steroids are beneficial. These recommendations apply to both primary (age‐related) sarcopenia and secondary (disease related) sarcopenia. Secondary sarcopenia also needs appropriate treatment of the underlying disease. It is important that primary care health professionals become aware of and make the diagnosis of age‐related and disease‐related sarcopenia. It is important to address the risk factors for sarcopenia, particularly low physical activity and sedentary behavior in the general population, using a life‐long approach. There is a need for more clinical research into the appropriate measurement for muscle mass and the management of sarcopenia. Accordingly, this position statement provides recommendations on the management of sarcopenia and how to progress the knowledge and recognition of sarcopenia.

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SARC-F for Screening of Sarcopenia Among Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Screening Test Accuracy

Cited by 176 publications

References 33 publications

The identification of probable sarcopenia in early old age based on the SARC-F tool and clinical suspicion: findings from the 1946 British birth cohort

The identification of probable sarcopenia in early old age based on the SARC-F tool and clinical suspicion: findings from the 1946 British birth cohort

SARC‐F: A validation study with community‐dwelling older Japanese adults

Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper

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