SAR Study of Mobile Phones as a function of Antenna Q

Bahramzy, Pevand; Svendsen, Simon; Jagielski, Ole; Pedersen, Gert Frølund

doi:10.1109/tap.2015.2452959

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It can be seen that for the first case, the location of the hotspot is close to the open end of the PIFA antenna that is the maximum electric field area. This is in agreement with the SAR definition described by equation (1). On the other hand, for the human muscle case, the SAR hotspot is located at the feeding area of the PIFA antenna where the electric current reaches its peak value.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Field Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This phenomenon was actually observed in 1990s when SAR was studied using dipole antennas [7]- [8]. However, according to the SAR definition as given by equation (1), the SAR value is proportional to the electric strength in the human body and the absorption is caused by the electric field. This is why SAR measurement systems for mobile devices, such as the well-known DASY system, use electric field probes for SAR measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Significant work and progress have been reported in recent years to develop more accurate methods of SAR evaluation and measurements and SAR reduction techniques for mobile hand-held and wearable devices [1]- [6]. However, most of the reported work has been focused on practical approaches, rather than theoretical methodology, to design antennas of mobile devices with low SAR values, and many key questions associated with SAR remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in the Human Body for Mobile Terminals

Wang

2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The human body's absorption of electromagnetic fields from communication enabled devices has consistently been a research topic for both researchers from universities and companies in the mobile communication industry. The absorption of electromagnetic fields could mainly result in two consequences: (a) antenna radiation efficiency of the device could deteriorate dramatically; and (b) a large amount of the radiated power could be dissipated into the human body, such as the hand, ear, scalp and brain, which is defined and described by Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). A comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic field absorption by the human body has been carried out to explain and answer some of the key questions in this area.

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Section: Electromagnetic Field Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in the Human Body for Mobile Terminals

Wang

2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…Some of them are [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]; however, at higher frequency bands such as frequency bands for 5G, electromagnetic field exposure is still unknown and worthwhile for further investigation. Therefore, one of the aims of this study is to investigate by numerical simulations that electromagnetic field exposure of 5G system in biological tissues, which is in the range limit provided by the international standardization organizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emf Exposure Analysis for a Compact Multi-Band 5g Antenna

Yazdandoost¹,

Laakso²

2018

PIER M

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Abstract-The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems are projected to work at millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency bands that would bring new challenges with the implementation of antennas and safety level of electromagnetic field exposures. In this paper, a new design of 5G mmwave antenna for multi-frequency bands has been introduced. The antenna is small enough and has a form factor that can be easily fit into the current available mobile handset devices. The proposed antenna covers all the nominated frequency bands by the FCC for 5G communications and has good radiation performances at 28 GHz, 37 GHz, 39 GHz, and 64-71 GHz. The electromagnetic field exposure to the human head model has been studied by means of numerical simulation for all above frequency bands. The feature of our proposed antenna is that all the frequency bands for the 5th generation mobile handset will be available in a single and simple antenna structure; hence, analysis of EMF exposure in a wide range of frequency can be done on a single antenna design.

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“…Significant and noteworthy volumes of studies and researches have been conducted in the past [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generations of mobile communications on health effects, for the whole body and localized tissue heating. At higher frequency bands, such as millimeter wave frequency bands, works need to be done, and studies need to be performed on electromagnetic field exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Field Exposure From 5g Mobile Communications at 10 GHZ

Yazdandoost¹,

Laakso²

2018

PIER M

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Study on the interactions between electromagnetic fields and biological tissue at high frequency band is an important aspect in the area of wireless communications. The use of millimeter wave frequency band for fifth Generation (5G) devises involves new challenges in terms of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure (RF-EMF) limits and compliance assessment since the basic restrictions for limiting human exposure change from the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) to the power density. The Electromagnetic Field Exposure to the human head has been studied based on power density by means of numerical simulation for the frequency band of 10 GHz. Study on radio frequency energy absorption has been done based on radiation from a printed monopole antenna at frequency of 10 GHz, transmitting directly towards the human head tissue model. Human head model is constructed from magnetic resonance images with frequency dependent tissue electrical properties. It is shown that at millimeter wave frequency, i.e., 10 GHz, with realistic source (20 mW) and head-source separation distance (10 mm), the amount of power density is in the range of regulatory limits and requirements on EMF exposure. The obtained results might provide valuable information for the design of 5G handheld devices and EMF compliance assessment.

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SAR Study of Mobile Phones as a function of Antenna Q

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in the Human Body for Mobile Terminals

Analysis of Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in the Human Body for Mobile Terminals

Emf Exposure Analysis for a Compact Multi-Band 5g Antenna

Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Field Exposure From 5g Mobile Communications at 10 GHZ

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