Saprolegnia parasitica impairs branchial phosphoryl transfer network in naturally infected grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): prejudice on bioenergetic homeostasis

Creatine Kinase Activity as an Indicator of Energetic Impairment and Tissue Damage in Fish: A Review

“…The determination of CK activity in serum or plasma has been commonly used to evaluate tissue damage, since CK is released into the bloodstream during damage (Table 2). Oreochromis niloticus Bacterial infection (Providencia rettgeri) Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [10] Ctenopharyngodon idella Fungal infection (Saprolegnia parasitica) Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [11] Rhamdia quelen Exposure to organophosphate trichlorfon Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [12] Rhamdia quelen Exposure to organophosphate trichlorfon Muscle Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [13] Cichlasoma amazonarum Exposure to copper Gills Inhibition of mitochondrial CK activity; increase in cytosolic CK activity [14] Ctenopharyngodon idella Exposure to methylmercury chloride Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [15] Lophiosilurus alexandri Hypoxia Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [16] Oreochromis niloticus Hypoxia Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [17] Brycon amazonicus Air exposure Gills Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities [18] Table 2. The use of serum/plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity as indicator of fish tissue damage.…”

“…Similar results were found in other fish species affected by different diseases, such as the inhibition of splenic cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities in silver catfish naturally infected by the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis [8], the inhibition of cerebral cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities in silver catfish experimentally infected by Streptococcus agalactiae [9], the inhibition of branchial cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) experimentally infected with Providencia rettgeri [10], and the inhibition of branchial cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities in grass carp naturally infected by Saprolegnia parasitica [11]. In summary, the detrimental involvement of CK activity in energetic homeostasis in fish that are naturally or experimentally infected by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic diseases is clear, as is its contribution to the pathophysiology of diseases.…”