Sappanone A Prevents Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Rat Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Model

Abstract

The incidence of myocardial infarction, among the causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is increasing globally. In this study, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, including LV systolic and diastolic function, was investigated in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model with echocardiography. The homoisoflavanone sappanone A is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Using echocardiography, we found that sappanone A administration significantly improved LV systolic and diastolic function in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model, especially in the early phase development of myocardial infarction. Based on myocardial infarct size, serum cardiac marker assay, and histopathological evaluation, sappanone A showed higher efficacy at the doses used in our experiments than curcumin and was evaluated for its potential to improve LV function.

Protective Effects of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. and Its Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular Organs

“…In addition, histological analysis revealed that the homoisoflavonoid treatment diminished inflammatory cell infiltration, with larger effects on lymphocytes in all medial myocardial and epicardial regions. It also reduced fibrosis in papillary muscle, comparable to curcumin ( Jo et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, the results indicated that sappanone A reduced fibrosis in the papillary muscle.…”

“…Both the above studies demonstrated that sappanone A improved cardiac function after I/R ( Jo et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2020b ) ( Table 2 ). LVDP, +dp/dt, and −dp/dt increased in the sappanone A-treated group, as measured in isolated hearts ( Shi et al, 2020b ), suggesting improvement in LV function.…”

“…LVDP, +dp/dt, and −dp/dt increased in the sappanone A-treated group, as measured in isolated hearts ( Shi et al, 2020b ), suggesting improvement in LV function. In the in vivo study ( Jo et al, 2020 ), sappanone A did not significantly affect LV fractional shortening (FS) or the ejection fraction (EF), two indicators of LV systolic function, although a tendency for a reversal effect was observed. Tissue Doppler imaging revealed that the treatment improved the early relaxation velocity (E′), an indicator of LV diastolic function, on day 1 post-I/R induction but not on day 4.…”

“…Furthermore, the results indicated that sappanone A reduced fibrosis in the papillary muscle. The positive effects of the compound were supported by decreases in serum CK-MB, LDH, and aspartate transaminase ( Jo et al, 2020 ), indicators of myocardial injury. Shi et al (2020b) demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of sappanone A at 20 mg/kg per hour prior to I/R injury induction exerted protective effects in isolated Langendorff hearts, as indicated by a reduction in the myocardial infarct size and a release of myocardial enzymes (CK-MB and LDH).…”

“…Two studies have investigated the effects of sappanone A on myocardial I/R injury ( Shi et al, 2020b ; Jo et al, 2020 ). In rats with ligated left anterior descending coronary artery, oral administration of sappanone A at 50 mg/kg for 5 days starting on the day of ischemia induction, significantly reduced the infarct size, particularly in the distal medial and apical myocardial areas, better than that of curcumin, a positive control ( Jo et al, 2020 ). However, the use of curcumin as the positive control was less appropriate since it is not used clinically for heart diseases.…”