Saponins Isolated from the Root of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> Showed Significant Anti-Diabetic Effects in KK-Ay Mice

Chen, Zhonghua; Li, Jie; Liu, Jie; Zhao, Yuan; Zhang, Pu; Zhang, Meng-Xue; Zhang, Liu

doi:10.1142/s0192415x08006363

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, ginseng might activate mTORC1 signaling and inhibit the ubiq-uitin proteasome pathway via the activation of Akt signaling, thereby maintaining muscle mass in the insulinresistant model. Saponins are one of the main active components of ginseng, and they have been shown to activate Akt signaling and improve insulin resistance (25)(26)(27). The branched-chain sugars of saponins are removed by intestinal bacterial enzymes and gastric acid, and the products upregulate biological activities (28)(29)(30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Takamura

Nomura

Uchiyama

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Insulin resistance reduces insulin-induced muscle protein synthesis and accelerates muscle protein degradation. Ginseng ingestion has been reported to improve insulin resistance through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. We hypothesized that panaxatriol (PT) derived from ginseng in combination with aerobic exercise (EX) may further promote protein synthesis and suppress protein degradation, and subsequently maintain muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance. KKAy insulin-resistant mice were divided into control, panaxatriol only (PT), exercise only (EX), and EXϩPT groups. EX and EXϩPT ran on the treadmill for 45 min at 15 m/min 5 d/wk for 6 wk. PT and EXϩPT groups were fed a standard diet containing 0.2% PT for 6 wk. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) values was significantly improved after exercise for 6 wk. Moreover, EXϩPT mice showed improved HOMA-R as compared to EX mice. p70S6K phosphorylation after a 4 h fast was significantly higher in EX than in the non-exercise control, and it was higher in EXϩPT mice than in EX mice. Atrogin1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EX than in the non-exercise control, and was significantly lowered further by PT treatment. EX and EXϩPT mice showed higher soleus muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus myofibers than control animals, with higher values noted for both parameters in EXϩPT than in EX. These results suggest that aerobic exercise and PT ingestion may contribute to maintain skeletal muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Takamura

Nomura

Uchiyama

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…They are classified into triterpenoid, steroid or steroidal glycoalkoid. [19] A study conducted by Chen et al [20] investigated the antidiabetic effects of isolated saponins on KK-Ay mice. The mice were administered the plant extracts in 50 or 200 mg/kg bodyweight dosages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihyperglycemic effects of Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea) ethanolic extract on the blood glucose levels of ICR mice (Mus musculus L.)

Manzo¹,

Vitor²

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is usually associated with abnormalities in the metabolism of different substrates leading to high blood glucose levels (BGL). Aims and Objectives: Aims and objectives are to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Cajanus cajan (CCEE) leaves on its antihyperglycemic effects on BGL of normoglycemic mice. Materials and Methods: 45, 5-week-old female, mice were divided into five groups and were administered with either double distilled water, glimepiride, or CCEE. Results: Baseline BGLs were measured before the induction of hyperglycemia by glucose loading. 30 min after, the BGLs were measured again and ranged between 167.667 and 185.778 mg/dL. Immediately after the hyperglycemic BGLs were measured, the corresponding treatments were administered. Subsequently, three blood collections were done spanning 3 h with 1 h interval. The treatment doses were observed to have a faster onset than the positive control supported by the fact that the treatment groups had significant differences (P < 0.05) with their respective hyperglycemic BGLs on the 1 st h, while the positive control group exhibited significant difference with its hyperglycemic BGL on the 2 nd h. The hypoglycemic effect of the positive control peaked at the 3 rd h with 67.33 mg/dL and surpassed the hypoglycemic effect of the medium-and high-dose groups with 83.778 and 98.556 mg/dL, respectively. The low-dose group did not have significant difference with the negative control group past the 1 st h suggesting that this dosage has a weak hypoglycemic effect. Conclusion: These results indicate that the CCEE leaves were able to produce hypoglycemic effects at doses between 400 and 800 mg/kg bodyweight.

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“…Herbal extracts have been reported to reduce blood glucose in animals (6,8,17,22,41); however, these extracts are extremely complex, and the leading compounds that exert antidiabetic effects remain poorly understood. The cellular targets of these herbal extracts and the molecular basis of their actions are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative insulin deficiency, due to a combination of insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic ␤-cell function, contributes to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes. Small molecules with the capability to improve insulin sensitivity and/or ␤-cell function have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Growing evidence indicate that herbal constituents hold a great promise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and extracts of numerous plants have been reported to reduce blood glucose (6,8,17,22,41). In search for small compounds with an anti-diabetic property, we examined natural compounds in plant extracts, focusing on inositol derivatives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Herbal constituent sequoyitol improves hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by targeting hepatocytes, adipocytes, and β-cells

Shen

Shao

Cho

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes increases rapidly; however, treatments are limited. Various herbal extracts have been reported to reduce blood glucose in animals with either genetic or dietary type 2 diabetes; however, plant extracts are extremely complex, and leading compounds remain largely unknown. Here we show that 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol (also called sequoyitol), a herbal constituent, exerts antidiabetic effects in mice. Sequoyitol was chronically administrated into ob/ob mice either orally or subcutaneously. Both oral and subcutaneous administrations of sequoyitol decreased blood glucose, improved glucose intolerance, and enhanced insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. Sequoyitol directly enhanced insulin signaling, including phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt, in both HepG2 cells (derived from human hepatocytes) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In agreement, sequoyitol increased the ability of insulin to suppress glucose production in primary hepatocytes and to stimulate glucose uptake into primary adipocytes. Furthermore, sequoyitol improved insulin signaling in INS-1 cells (a rat ␤-cell line) and protected INS-1 cells from streptozotocin-or H2O2-induced injury. In mice with streptozotocin-induced ␤-cell deficiency, sequoyitol treatments increased plasma insulin levels and decreased hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. These results indicate that sequoyitol, a natural, water-soluble small molecule, ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by increasing both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Sequoyitol appears to directly target hepatocytes, adipocytes, and ␤-cells. Therefore, sequoyitol may serve as a new oral diabetes medication. insulin resistance; diabetes; hyperglycemia GLUCOSE IS A PRIMARY METABOLIC fuel. Blood glucose levels are maintained within a narrow range through the action of insulin and other metabolic hormones (18, 34). Insulin decreases blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and by suppressing hepatic glucose production (34). Insulin resistance is the primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes (42). Additionally, pancreatic ␤-cell function is also impaired in type 2 diabetes and unable to secrete sufficient insulin to compensate for insulin resistance (26). Relative insulin deficiency, due to a combination of insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic ␤-cell function, contributes to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes. Small molecules with the capability to improve insulin sensitivity and/or ␤-cell function have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Growing evidence indicate that herbal constituents hold a great promise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and extracts of numerous plants have been reported to reduce blood glucose (6,8,17,22,41). In search for small compounds with an anti-diabetic property, we examined natural compounds in plant extracts, focusing on inositol derivatives. Inositols consist of nine isomeric forms (myo-, scyllo-, epi-, al...

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Saponins Isolated from the Root of Panax notoginseng Showed Significant Anti-Diabetic Effects in KK-Ay Mice

Cited by 70 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Antihyperglycemic effects of Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea) ethanolic extract on the blood glucose levels of ICR mice (Mus musculus L.)

Herbal constituent sequoyitol improves hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by targeting hepatocytes, adipocytes, and β-cells

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