Saponins, especially platycodin D, from Platycodon grandiflorum modulate hepatic lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed rats and high glucose-exposed HepG2 cells

Hwang, Yong Pil; Choi, Jae Ho; Kim, Hyung Gyun; Khanal, Tilak; Song, Gyu Yong; Nam, Myoung Soo; Lee, Hyun-Sun; Chung, Young Chul; Lee, Young Chun; Jeong, Hye Gwang

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.001

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Many studies have indicated that modulating the AMPK pathways significantly affects lipid metabolism. Platycodin D, saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum , increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in high-fat-diet-fed rats and activated AMPK via SIRT1/CaMKKβ in HepG2 cells, which was verified by the use of specific inhibitors [33]. Resveratrol has been proven to avoid liver fat accumulation induced by high-fat diet by increasing fatty acid oxidation and decreasing lipogenesis mediated via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling [34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Sea Water Modulates Blood Pressure and Exhibits Hypolipidemic Effects via the AMPK-ACC Pathway: An in Vivo Study

et al. 2013

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Deep sea water (DSW), originally pumped from the Pacific Rim off the coast of Hualien County (Taiwan), and its mineral constituents, were concentrated by a low-temperature vacuum evaporation system to produce a hardness of approximately 400,000 mg/L of seawater mineral concentrate. The primary composition of this seawater mineral concentrate was ionic magnesium (Mg2+), which was approximately 96,000 mg/L. Referring to the human recommended daily allowance (RDA) of magnesium, we diluted the mineral concentrate to three different dosages: 0.1 × DSW (equivalent to 3.75 mg Mg2+/kg DSW); 1 × DSW (equivalent to 37.5 mg Mg2+/kg DSW); and 2 × DSW (equivalent to 75 mg Mg2+/kg DSW). Additionally, a magnesium chloride treatment was conducted for comparison with the DSW supplement. The study indicated that 0.1 × DSW, 1 × DSW and 2 × DSW decreased the systolic and diastolic pressures in spontaneous hypertensive rats in an eight-week experiment. DSW has been shown to reduce serum lipids and prevent atherogenesis in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model. Our results demonstrated that 1 × DSW and 2 × DSW significantly suppressed the serum cholesterol levels, reduced the lipid accumulation in liver tissues, and limited aortic fatty streaks. These findings indicated that the antiatherogenic effects of DSW are associated with 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulation and the consequent inhibition of phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in atherosclerotic rabbits. We hypothesize that DSW could potentially be used as drinking water because it modulates blood pressure, reduces lipids, and prevents atherogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Sea Water Modulates Blood Pressure and Exhibits Hypolipidemic Effects via the AMPK-ACC Pathway: An in Vivo Study

et al. 2013

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“…For example, Platycodi radix inhibited carbon tetrachloride-and dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoxicity, hepatic inflammatory, and fibrogenic markers, including TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB, MMP-13, TIMP-1, α-SMA, and collagen type I via induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes, including γ-GCS, HO-1, NQO1, and GST [23,24]. Platycodi radix-derived saponin also ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis symptoms, including hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis via induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes [25,26]. Notably, Platycodi radix-derived saponin increases the PPARα-regulated fatty acid oxidation markers acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Platyconic Acid A, Platycodi Radix-Derived Saponin, Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells via Blocking SMAD and Activating the PPARγ Signaling Pathway

Choi

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Cells

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Platycodi radix is a widely sold health food worldwide, which contains numerous phytochemicals that are beneficial to health. Previously, we reported that saponin from the roots of Platycodi radix-derived saponin inhibited toxicant-induced liver diseases. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of platyconic acid A (PA), the active component of Platycodi radix-derived saponin, on the anti-fibrotic activity involving the SMAD pathway remains unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effects of PA on TGF-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). PA inhibited TGF-β1-enhanced cell proliferation, as well as expression of α-SMA and collagen Iα1 in HSC-T6 cells. PA suppressed TGF-β1-induced smad2/3 phosphorylation and smad binding elements 4 (SBE4) luciferase activity. Reversely, PA restored TGF-β1-reduced expression of smad7 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. PA also repressed TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs. In summary, the results suggest that the inhibitory effect of PA on HSCs occurs through the blocking of SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, leading to the suppression of α-SMA and collagen Iα1 expression.

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“…In addition to the hepatoprotection, platycodon root is involved in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolisms. Previous studies demonstrated that platycodin D regulates adipogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin (27) and AMPK-dependent signaling pathways (28). In another study, it ameliorated obesity and insulin resistance in obese mice via the activation of the AMPK/ACC pathways, and also reduced adipocyte differentiation (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of platycodins on liver complications of type 2 diabetes

Luan

Yang

Liu

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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The aim of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of platycodin in liver complications of type 2 diabetes. All rats were randomly divided into two groups: The control group (normal diet) and the model group (a high‑fat and high‑sugar diet). The model group was injected with 2% streptozocin (25 mg/kg body weight) through the tail vein following 4 weeks of dieting. After a total of 8 weeks of dieting, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and liver function were examined. The high‑fat and high‑sugar diet was continued in the successful model rats, which were randomly divided into four groups and treated with the following doses of platycodins: The untreated, and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day groups. Platycodins treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Platycodins treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day reduced the FBG, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) and liver index levels compared with the untreated group (P<0.05), while the high‑density lipoprotein levels increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, FBG, GPT, TC and LDL levels were returned to the normal level. This dose also increased the expression of BMP‑9 mRNA and BMP‑9 protein, and reduced the expression of Smad‑4 mRNA and Smad‑4 protein. These findings indicate that platycodins can rectify disorders of blood glucose and lipid metabolism, improve liver index and protect liver function in liver complications of type 2 diabetes. The current study suggests that this therapeutic effect is mediated through the BMP‑9/Smad‑4 pathway.

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Saponins, especially platycodin D, from Platycodon grandiflorum modulate hepatic lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed rats and high glucose-exposed HepG2 cells

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

Deep Sea Water Modulates Blood Pressure and Exhibits Hypolipidemic Effects via the AMPK-ACC Pathway: An in Vivo Study

Deep Sea Water Modulates Blood Pressure and Exhibits Hypolipidemic Effects via the AMPK-ACC Pathway: An in Vivo Study

Platyconic Acid A, Platycodi Radix-Derived Saponin, Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells via Blocking SMAD and Activating the PPARγ Signaling Pathway

Effects of platycodins on liver complications of type 2 diabetes

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