Saponin Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Propagation by Up-regulating Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2

Abstract

Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides which possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-tumorigenic and antiviral activities. To investigate whether saponin has anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity, we examined the effect of saponin on HCV replication. HCV replication was efficiently inhibited at a concentration of 10 µg/ml of saponin in cell culture grown HCV (HCVcc)-infected cells. Inhibitory effect of saponin on HCV replication was verified by quantitative real-time PCR, reporter assay, and immunoblot analysis. In addition, saponin potentiated IFN-α-induced anti-HCV activity. Moreover, saponin exerted antiviral activity even in IFN-α resistant mutant HCVcc-infected cells. To investigate how cellular genes were regulated by saponin, we performed microarray analysis using HCVcc-infected cells. We demonstrated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) protein level was distinctively increased by saponin, which in turn resulted in inhibition of HCV replication. We further showed that silencing of SOCS2 resurrected HCV replication and overexpression of SOCS2 suppressed HCV replication. These data imply that saponin inhibits HCV replication via SOCS2 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that saponin may be a potent therapeutic agent for HCV patients.

Further evaluation of locally prepared live attenuated bovine ephemeral fever vaccine in cattle

“…post vaccination as shown in (fig.6). The results agreeable with (Lee et al, 2012) who tested inhibitory effect of saponin on Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication by qRT-PCR. Also, no any clinical signs of BEF were observed during the whole examination intervals, the body temperature was elevated in all vaccinated animals in range 0.5 o C after one-day post inoculation and then return to the normal temperature.…”

Phytochemicals in Edible Wild Mushrooms From Selected Areas in Kenya

“…They are reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties that exert various benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties (Lee et al, 2012).…”

Effects of mushroom (Lentinula edodes) extract on growth performance, immune response and hemato-biochemical parameters of great sturgeon juvenile (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754)

“…(2015b) andVahedi et al (2017) in beluga treated with onion and ginger, respectively(Akrami et al 2015b; Vahedi et al 2017).Moreover, mushroom extract did not remarkably affect on triglyceride and lipid in comparison with the control. However, the lowest value of triglyceride and lipid were observed in 2% mushroom extract treatment.The reduction of triglycerides could depend on saponin exist in fungus as described in(Lee, Lim, Kang, Min, Son, Lee, Park, Ngo, Tran, Lim & Hwang 2012). Conversely, Akrami et al(2015b) demonstrated that the use of 1% onion powder in beluga diet decreased the amount of triglyceride significantly in comparison with the control.…”