Saponin-enriched sea cucumber extracts exhibit an antiobesity effect through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and upregulation of LXR-β signaling

Abstract

(2016) Saponin-enriched sea cucumber extracts exhibit an antiobesity effect through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and upregulation of LXR-β signaling, Pharmaceutical Biology, 54:8, 1312-1325, DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015 Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects of sea cucumber extracts in in vitro and in vivo models and elucidate the mechanism of action of the extracts on obesity and dyslipidemia. Materials and methods: The 60% ethanol extracts from the body walls of 10 different sea cucumbers were investigated for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) activity in vitro. The optimal active extract (SC-3) was further chemically analyzed by LC-MS and UV. And 0.1% and 0.2% of SC-3 was mixed with a high-fat diet to treat C57/BL6 mice for 6 weeks or 2 weeks as preventive and therapeutic study. The body weight, serum, and liver lipid profile in the mice were investigated. Results: The crude extract of Pearsonothuria graeffei Semper (Holothuriidae) inhibited the PL activity by 36.44% of control at 0.5 mg/mL. SC-3 and echinoside A inhibited PL with an IC 50 value at 2.86 mg/ mL and 0.76 mM. 0.1% of SC-3 reduced the body weight (23.0 ± 0.62 versus 26.3 ± 0.76 g), the serum TC (2.46 ± 0.04 versus 2.83 ± 0.12 mmol/L), TG (0.19 ± 0.08 versus 0.40 ± 0.03 mmo/L), and LDL-c (0.48 ± 0.02 versus 0.51 ± 0.02 mmol/L), and liver TC (1.19 ± 0.17 versus 1.85 ± 0.13 mmol/mg) and TG (6.18 ± 0.92 versus 10.87 ± 0.97 mmol/mg) contents of the obese C57BL/six mice on a high-fat diet. Discussion and conclusion: Sea cucumber may be used for developing antiobesity and antihyperlipidemia drugs. ARTICLE HISTORY

Desalted Salicornia europaea powder and its active constituent, trans-ferulic acid, exert anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipogenic-related factors

“… 2015 ; Guo et al. 2016 ). SREBP1 is associated with the production of an endogenous ligand that enhances PPARγ transcriptional activity and can increase the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (Kang et al.…”

Pharmacological Potential of Sea Cucumbers

“…It was also shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity under in vitro conditions [ 146 ]. Similarly, saponin extracts and echinoside A extracted from sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei possess anti-obesity properties due to effective inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and up-regulation of LXR-β signaling [ 11 ]. Taking into account all these data, it may be deduced that lipid-lowering mechanisms of sea cucumber saponins are related to inhibition of the crucial enzymes involved in lipid metabolism.…”

“…They have gained a lot of attention from researchers worldwide within recent decades because of their nutritive values [ 4 ] as well as their beneficial influence on human health and possible therapeutic uses. The spectrum of active compounds chemically identified from these animals is quite diverse and includes polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysacharides) including neutral glycans, fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and sulfated fucans, peptides, phospholipids and glycolipids, including glycosphingolipids (cerebrosides), polyunsaturated fatty acids, phenols, and triterpene glycosides (saponins) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In this review, the main attention is given to the compounds for which pharmacological activity has been scientifically demonstrated, physico-chemical properties required for their further standardization have been described and their mechanisms of action are more or less clear ( Table 1 ).…”

Saponin‐enriched extracts from body wall and Cuvierian tubule of Holothuria leucospilota reduce fat accumulation and suppress lipogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…6 A previous study found that a crude extract from the body wall (BW) of Pearsonothuria graeffei Semper (Holothuriidae) could inhibit pancreatic lipase activity and reduced total cholesterol and lipid absorptions as well as hepatic triglycerides in mice given a high-fat diet, indicating an anti-obesity effect of the extract. 7 Moreover, the sulfated triterpene saponins echinoside A (EA) and holothurin A (HA) from P. graeffei could suppress pancreatic lipase activity and increased the excretion of fatty acids in feces of mice fed with a high-fat diet. Echinoside A and holothurin A treatments also significantly decreased adipose tissue accumulation and dramatically inhibited lipid absorption in mice.…”