SAPHO syndrome with TMJ involvement: review of the literature and case presentation

SAPHO Syndrome as a Potential Cause of Chronic Mandibular Bone Inflammation and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction – Case Report

“…The incidence of not more than 1/10,000 is reported in literature, but this data seems underestimated [4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Most often it affects children (CRMO), young adults, and middle-aged people [4][5][6][7][8][9]. It rarely appears later than in the 6th decade [5][6][7]9].…”

“…Most often it affects children (CRMO), young adults, and middle-aged people [4][5][6][7][8][9]. It rarely appears later than in the 6th decade [5][6][7]9]. Primary investigations on SAPHO syndrome did not point to any dependence on sex [1], although later studies prove slightly more frequent incidence in women [5,7,8,10,11].…”

“…The syndrome has a multifactor etiology; inflammatory, immunological and genetic factors are taken into consideration [7,8]. According to the inflammatory hypothesis, the cutaneous and osseous changes constitute a response to a chronic infection with a pathogen of low virulence.…”

“…An association of SAPHO syndrome with the T309G allele and the GG genotype of the Mdm2 gene seems also significant [6,9]. In addition, important implications in the pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome are ascribed to stress [7,8]. Stressful situations and excessive emotional tension have been observed to predispose to the disease aggravation.…”