Saphenous vein puncture for blood sampling of the mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil, guineapig, ferret and mink

Hem, Annelise; Smith, A. J.; Solberg, Per

doi:10.1258/002367798780599866

Cited by 231 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…16 Serum biochemical markers and cytokine levels were determined using commercial kits. Rats were killed under anesthesia 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after GalN/LPS injection.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reduction of glomerular filtration rate in rats with fulminant hepatic failure

Wang

et al. 2014

Laboratory Investigation

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The mechanism of renal failure during fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) or end-stage of liver disease is not fully understood. The present study aims to delineate the mechanisms of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in acute hepatic failure. A rat model of renal insufficiency in severe liver injury was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus D-galactosamine (GalN) exposure. GFR was evaluated by continuous infusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-inulin with implanted micro-osmotic pumps. GalN/LPS intoxication resulted in severe hepatocyte toxicity as evidenced by liver histology and biochemical tests, whereas renal morphology remained normal. GFR was reduced by 33% of the controls 12 h after GalN/LPS exposure, accompanied with a decreased serum sodium levels, a marked increase in serum TNF-a and ET-1 levels as well as significantly upregulated renal type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R1) expression. The upregulated IP 3 R1 expression was abrogated by the treatment of anti-TNF-a antibodies, but not by 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB), which blocks the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling pathway. Treatments with either TNF-a antibodies or 2-APB also significantly improved the compromised GFR, elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and reversed the decrease in glomerular inulin space and the increase in glomerular calcium content in GalN/LPS-exposed rats. The extent of acute liver injury as reflected by serum ALT levels was much more attenuated by anti-TNF-a antibodies than by 2-APB. Liver histology further confirmed that anti-TNF-a antibodies conferred better protection than 2-APB in GalN/LPS-exposed rats. LPS-elicited TNF-a over-production is responsible for decreased GFR through IP 3 R1 overexpression, and the compromised GFR resulted in the development of acute renal failure in rats with FHF.

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“…16 Serum biochemical markers and cytokine levels were determined using commercial kits. Rats were killed under anesthesia 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after GalN/LPS injection.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reduction of glomerular filtration rate in rats with fulminant hepatic failure

Wang

et al. 2014

Laboratory Investigation

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“…On days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, approximately 20 ml of blood was collected from the saphenous veins of some of the mice from each treatment group (Hem et al, 1998). The blood was collected into a microvette CB 300 with potassium EDTA and 10 ml aliquots were used for the determination of WBC or platelet counts.…”

Section: White Blood Cell (Wbc) and Platelet Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary induction of NQO1 increases the antitumour activity of mitomycin C in human colon tumours in vivo

et al. 2004

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The bioreductive antitumour agent, mitomycin C (MMC), requires activation by reductive enzymes like NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). We used a novel approach to increase MMC efficacy by selectively inducing NQO1 in tumour cells in vivo. CD-1 nude mice were implanted with HCT116 cells, and fed control diet or diet containing 0.3% of the NQO1 inducer, dimethyl fumarate (DMF). The mice were then treated with saline, 2.0, 3.5 or 2.0 mg kg À1 MMC and dicoumarol, an NQO1 inhibitor. The DMF diet increased NQO1 activity by 2.5-fold in the tumours, but had no effect in marrow cells. Mice given control diet/ 2.0 mg kg À1 MMC had tumours with the same volume as control mice; however, mice given DMF diet/2.0 mg kg À1 MMC had significantly smaller tumours. Tumour volumes in mice given DMF/2.0 mg kg À1 MMC were similar to those in mice given control diet/ 3.5 mg kg À1 MMC. Tumour inhibition was partially reversed in mice given DMF/2.0 mg kg À1 MMC and dicoumarol. DMF diet/ 2.0 mg kg À1 MMC treatment did not increase myelosuppression and did not produce any organ toxicity. These results provide strong evidence that dietary inducers of NQO1 can increase the antitumour activity of bioreductive agents like MMC without increasing toxicity.

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“…Multiple blood sampling techniques have been evaluated and suggested for sampling from small laboratory animals such as rats and mice (25,26). Blood can be sampled from multiple sites using various methods and sampling sites that target both arteries and veins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although multiple sampling techniques have been established for sampling in mice (25,(27)(28)(29); a comprehensive evaluation of the respective PK profiles with cross-over designs using DBS methods has not been reported. Tail vein sampling (tail clip and tail vein with needle hub) seems to be the most commonly used micro-sampling technique in mice (2,12,30,31) while saphenous bleeds and retroorbital bleeds have also been used (3,4,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of tail clips and tail vein with a hub needle should be avoided to reduce contamination of samples with administered dose, especially in small rodents such as mice when drug/test compounds are administered IV via the tail vein. Although saphenous vein puncture bleeding has been demonstrated to be a useful and practical method for repeated sampling from mice and other rodents (25,26,29) its implementation has been very limited as it may require further optimization to enable the conduct of cross-over studies (29). This work combines an optimized microsampling technique with dried blood spot (DBS) collection and LC-MS/MS analysis as a most efficient and practical way of performing mouse PK studies in drug discovery and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse

et al. 2016

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-Purpose: Current practices applied to mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies often use large numbers of animals with sporadic or composite sampling that inadequately describe PK profiles. The purpose of this work was to evaluate and optimize blood microsampling techniques coupled with dried blood spot (DBS) and LC-MS/MS analysis to generate reliable PK data in mice. In addition, the feasibility of cross-over designs was assessed and recommendations are presented. Methods: The work describes a comprehensive evaluation of five blood microsampling techniques (tail clip, tail vein with needle hub, submandibular, retro-orbital, and saphenous bleeding) in CD-1 mice. The feasibility of blood sampling was evaluated based on animal observations, ease of bleeding, and ability to collect serial samples. Methotrexate, gemfibrozil and glipizide were used as test compounds and were dosed either orally or intravenously, followed by DBS collection and LC-MS/MS analysis to compare PK with various bleeding methods. Results: Submandibular and retro-orbital methods that required non-serial blood collections did not allow for inter-animal variability assessments and resulted in poorly described absorption and distribution kinetics. The submandibular and tail vein with needle-hub methods were the least favorable from a technical feasibility perspective. Serial bleeding was possible with cannulated animals or saphenous bleeding in non-cannulated animals. Conclusions: Of the methods that allowed serial sampling, the saphenous method when executed as described in this report, was most practical, reproducible and provided for assessment of inter-animal variability. It enabled the collection of complete exposure profiles from a single mouse and the conduct of an intravenous/oral cross-over study design. This methodology can be used routinely, it promotes the 3Rs principles by achieving reductions in the number of animals used, decreased restraints and animal stress, and improved the quality of data obtained in mouse PK studies.

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Saphenous vein puncture for blood sampling of the mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil, guineapig, ferret and mink

Cited by 231 publications

References 11 publications

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reduction of glomerular filtration rate in rats with fulminant hepatic failure

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reduction of glomerular filtration rate in rats with fulminant hepatic failure

Dietary induction of NQO1 increases the antitumour activity of mitomycin C in human colon tumours in vivo

Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse

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